Mohamed Hadeer I, Mahmoud Nesrine M R, Ramadan Abeer, Al-Subaie Abeer M, Ahmed Somia B
Department of Neuroscience Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubial, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 4030, Jubail 35816, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Basic Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2024 Jun 28;14(13):1111. doi: 10.3390/nano14131111.
Two novel samples of nanoparticles based on chitosan were greenly synthesized using pomegranate peel extract. The extract served as a nanoparticle precursor, facilitating the precipitation of nanosized chitosan through the ionic gelation method. Additionally, by mixing the green chitosan nanoparticles with copper ions, a nanoscale composite of chitosan and copper oxide was also produced. Structural and morphological investigations (FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, and TGA analyses) were performed for greenly synthesized chitosan nanoparticles and their copper oxide composite to determine all the significant characteristics of those nanoparticles. In addition, both samples were tested using some biological investigations, such as antimicrobial activity and hematological effects. The antimicrobial tests yielded promising results for both the green chitosan nanoparticles and the CuO composite when tested using two bacterial strains and two fungal strains. Moreover, the results showed that using a similar concentration of both green-based chitosan samples resulted in a slightly larger inhibition zone and a lower minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) for the copper oxide chitosan composite compared to the chitosan nanoparticles for all microorganisms included in the test. The mean count of blood components (RBCs and platelets), clotting time, and cholesterol levels in three different blood samples were used to indicate the hematological activity of both greenly synthesized nanoparticles. The results verified a slight reduction in blood component count after the addition of green chitosan nanoparticles, but the chitosan copper oxide composite did not have a noticeable effect on the three blood samples. The chitosan nanoparticles were able to cause a considerable reduction in clotting time and cholesterol levels for all blood samples, thus acting as procoagulants. However, the mixing of CuO with chitosan nanoparticles prolonged the rate of clotting in blood samples from hypercholesteremic individuals, and thus, the mixture acted as an anticoagulant agent.
利用石榴皮提取物绿色合成了两种基于壳聚糖的新型纳米颗粒样品。该提取物用作纳米颗粒前体，通过离子凝胶法促进纳米级壳聚糖的沉淀。此外，通过将绿色壳聚糖纳米颗粒与铜离子混合，还制备了壳聚糖与氧化铜的纳米级复合材料。对绿色合成的壳聚糖纳米颗粒及其氧化铜复合材料进行了结构和形态研究（傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析和热重分析），以确定这些纳米颗粒的所有重要特性。此外，对这两种样品进行了一些生物学研究测试，如抗菌活性和血液学效应。当使用两种细菌菌株和两种真菌菌株进行测试时，抗菌测试对绿色壳聚糖纳米颗粒和氧化铜复合材料均产生了有前景的结果。此外，结果表明，对于测试中包含的所有微生物，使用相似浓度的两种绿色壳聚糖样品时，与壳聚糖纳米颗粒相比，氧化铜壳聚糖复合材料的抑菌圈略大，最低抑菌浓度（MIC）更低。使用三种不同血液样本中的血液成分（红细胞和血小板）平均计数、凝血时间和胆固醇水平来表明两种绿色合成纳米颗粒的血液学活性。结果证实，添加绿色壳聚糖纳米颗粒后血液成分计数略有下降，但壳聚糖氧化铜复合材料对三种血液样本没有明显影响。壳聚糖纳米颗粒能够使所有血液样本的凝血时间和胆固醇水平显著降低，从而起到促凝剂的作用。然而，氧化铜与壳聚糖纳米颗粒的混合延长了高胆固醇个体血液样本的凝血速率，因此该混合物起到了抗凝血剂的作用。
