Riga East Clinical University Hospital, 2 Hipokrata Street, LV-1038 Rīga, Latvia.
Doctoral Department, Faculty of Medicine, Rīga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Rīga, Latvia.
Nutrients. 2024 Jul 5;16(13):2150. doi: 10.3390/nu16132150.
During pregnancy, the demand for omega-3 fatty acids, notably docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), escalates for both maternal and foetal health. Insufficient levels can lead to complications and can affect foetal development. This study investigated omega-3 status and its relation to dietary intake in pregnant Latvian women, along with its impact on gestational duration and newborn birth weight.
The study comprised 250 pregnant and postpartum women with a mean age of 31.6 ± 4.8 years. Nutrition and omega-3 supplementation data were collected through a questionnaire covering 199 food items and 12 supplements. Fatty acids in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids were analysed via gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.
The median omega-3 fatty acid intake, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA from diet and supplements, was 0.370 g/day, which is deemed sufficient. However, the median weekly fish intake (126.0 g) and daily nut/seed intake (7.4 g) were insufficient. The median omega-3 supplement intake was 1.0 g/day. No correlation between omega-3 supplement intake and the omega-3 index was observed. There was a weak correlation between the DHA intake from fish and the omega-3 index (r = 0.126, = 0.047), while a significant correlation between the total EPA and DHA intake from various sources and the omega-3 index was noted (r = 0.163, = 0.01). Most women (61.6%) had an omega-3 index < 4%, while 34.8% had an index between 4 and 8%, and only 3.6% had an index > 8%. Notably, significant differences in EPA levels and the omega-3 index were found among respondents with differing infant birth weights ( < 0.05).
The omega-3 intake during pregnancy adheres to the established guidelines, although fish consumption remains insufficient. A preconception evaluation of the omega-3 index is advocated to optimize prenatal intake. The indications suggest potential correlations between EPA levels, the omega-3 index, and infant birth weight.
在怀孕期间，母体和胎儿对 omega-3 脂肪酸（尤其是二十二碳六烯酸，即 DHA）的需求增加。如果摄入不足，可能会导致并发症，并影响胎儿发育。本研究旨在调查拉脱维亚孕妇的 omega-3 状况及其与饮食摄入的关系，以及其对妊娠期和新生儿出生体重的影响。
本研究纳入了 250 名平均年龄为 31.6 ± 4.8 岁的孕妇和产后妇女。通过问卷调查收集了营养和 omega-3 补充剂的数据，涵盖了 199 种食物和 12 种补充剂。通过气相色谱法和火焰离子化检测分析红细胞膜磷脂中的脂肪酸。
饮食和补充剂中包括二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和 DHA 的 omega-3 脂肪酸的中位数摄入量为 0.370 g/天，被认为是充足的。然而，每周鱼类摄入量（126.0 g）和每日坚果/种子摄入量（7.4 g）中位数均不足。omega-3 补充剂的中位数摄入量为 1.0 g/天。omega-3 补充剂摄入量与 omega-3 指数之间无相关性。鱼类中 DHA 的摄入量与 omega-3 指数呈弱相关（r = 0.126， = 0.047），而各种来源的 EPA 和 DHA 总摄入量与 omega-3 指数呈显著相关（r = 0.163， = 0.01）。大多数妇女（61.6%）的 omega-3 指数<4%，34.8%的指数在 4%至 8%之间，只有 3.6%的指数>8%。值得注意的是，不同婴儿出生体重的受访者的 EPA 水平和 omega-3 指数存在显著差异（ < 0.05）。
尽管鱼类消费仍然不足，但怀孕期间的 omega-3 摄入量符合既定指南。提倡在受孕前评估 omega-3 指数，以优化产前摄入量。研究结果表明，EPA 水平、omega-3 指数和婴儿出生体重之间可能存在相关性。
