Faculty of Food Technology, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Rīgas iela 22a, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia.
Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Street 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia.
Nutrients. 2022 Aug 30;14(17):3568. doi: 10.3390/nu14173568.
In recent years, many studies have been initiated to characterise the human gut microbiome in relation to different factors like age, lifestyle, and dietary habits. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of yoghurt intake on the gut microbiome among postmenopausal women and how overall dietary habits modulate the gut microbiome. In total, 52 participants were included in the study and two groups-a control ( = 26) and experimental group ( = 26)-were established. The study was eight weeks long. Both study groups were allowed to consume a self-selected diet, but the experimental group had to additionally consume 175 g of plain organic milk yoghurt on a daily basis for eight weeks. In addition, a series of questionnaires were completed, including a questionnaire on the subject's sociodemographic background, health status, and lifestyle factors, as well as a food frequency questionnaire. Stool samples were collected for the analysis of the gut microbiome (both prior to and after the eight weeks of the study). Sequencing of V4-V5 regions of the 16S rRNA gene was used to determine the bacterial composition of stool samples. The dominant phylum from the gut microbiome was (70% to 73%), followed by (20% to 23%). Although no significant changes in the gut microbiome were related to daily consumption of yoghurt, we report that consumption of food products like grains, grain-based products, milk and milk products, and beverages (tea, coffee) is associated with differences in the composition of the gut microbiome. Establishing nutritional strategies to shape the gut microbiome could contribute to improved health status in postmenopausal women, but further research is needed.
近年来，许多研究旨在描述人类肠道微生物组与不同因素的关系，如年龄、生活方式和饮食习惯。本研究旨在评估酸奶摄入对绝经后妇女肠道微生物组的影响，以及整体饮食习惯如何调节肠道微生物组。共有 52 名参与者纳入研究，分为对照组（n=26）和实验组（n=26）。研究持续八周。两组均允许摄入自选饮食，但实验组必须额外每天摄入 175 克原味有机牛奶酸奶八周。此外，还完成了一系列问卷，包括一份关于研究对象社会人口背景、健康状况和生活方式因素的问卷，以及一份食物频率问卷。收集粪便样本进行肠道微生物组分析（研究前和研究后各一次）。使用 16S rRNA 基因 V4-V5 区的测序来确定粪便样本中的细菌组成。肠道微生物组的主要门是 （70%到 73%），其次是 （20%到 23%）。尽管酸奶的日常摄入与肠道微生物组的变化没有显著关系，但我们报告称，谷物、谷物制品、牛奶和奶制品以及饮料（茶、咖啡）等食物的摄入与肠道微生物组组成的差异有关。建立营养策略来塑造肠道微生物组可能有助于改善绝经后妇女的健康状况，但还需要进一步研究。
