Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Department of Systems Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jun 25;25(13):6951. doi: 10.3390/ijms25136951.
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) represent an unsolved problem to date with an ever-increasing population incidence. Particularly, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most widespread ND characterized by an accumulation of amyloid aggregates of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and Tau proteins that lead to neuronal death and subsequent cognitive decline. Although neuroimaging techniques are needed to diagnose AD, the investigation of biomarkers within body fluids could provide important information on neurodegeneration. Indeed, as there is no definitive solution for AD, the monitoring of these biomarkers is of strategic importance as they are useful for both diagnosing AD and assessing the progression of the neurodegenerative state. In this context, exercise is known to be an effective non-pharmacological management strategy for AD that can counteract cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. However, investigation of the concentration of fluid biomarkers in AD patients undergoing exercise protocols has led to unclear and often conflicting results, suggesting the need to clarify the role of exercise in modulating fluid biomarkers in AD. Therefore, this critical literature review aims to gather evidence on the main fluid biomarkers of AD and the modulatory effects of exercise to clarify the efficacy and usefulness of this non-pharmacological strategy in counteracting neurodegeneration in AD.
神经退行性疾病（NDs）是目前尚未解决的问题，其发病率呈不断上升趋势。特别是阿尔茨海默病（AD）是最广泛的 ND，其特征是β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）和 Tau 蛋白的淀粉样聚集物的积累，导致神经元死亡和随后的认知能力下降。尽管神经影像学技术是诊断 AD 的必要手段，但对体液中的生物标志物的研究可以提供有关神经退行性变的重要信息。事实上，由于 AD 尚无明确的解决方案，因此监测这些生物标志物具有重要的战略意义，因为它们既可以用于诊断 AD，也可以用于评估神经退行性状态的进展。在这种情况下，运动被认为是 AD 的一种有效的非药物管理策略，可以对抗认知能力下降和神经退行性变。然而，对接受运动方案的 AD 患者的体液生物标志物浓度的研究导致了不明确且经常相互矛盾的结果，这表明需要阐明运动在调节 AD 中体液生物标志物方面的作用。因此，本批判性文献综述旨在收集 AD 的主要体液生物标志物和运动的调节作用的证据，以阐明这种非药物策略在对抗 AD 中的神经退行性变的疗效和有用性。
