The Human Neonatal Skin Fibroblast, an Available Cell Source for Tissue Production and Transplantation, Exhibits Low Risk of Immunogenicity In Vitro.

The immunogenicity of allogeneic skin fibroblasts in transplantation has been controversial. Whether this controversy comes from a natural heterogeneity among fibroblast subsets or species-specific differences between human and mouse remains to be addressed. In this study, we sought to investigate whether fibroblasts derived from either adult or neonatal human skin tissues could induce different immune responses toward phagocytosis and T cell activation using in vitro co-culture models. Our results indicate that both phagocytosis and T cell proliferation are reduced in the presence of neonatal skin fibroblasts compared to adult skin fibroblasts. We also show that neonatal skin fibroblasts secrete paracrine factors that are responsible for reduced T cell proliferation. In addition, we show that neonatal skin fibroblasts express less class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules than adult skin fibroblasts after interferon gamma priming, which might also contribute to reduced T cell proliferation. In conclusion, this study supports the use of allogeneic neonatal skin fibroblasts as a readily available cell source for tissue production and transplantation to treat patients with severe injuries.