Anyanechi C N, Ojinmah U R, Anyanechi C C, Nnaji T O, Ozoh G A
Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. Email:
Dermatology sub-Department, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-ozalla, Enugu Nigeria.
West Afr J Med. 2024 Apr 30;41(4):363-371.
Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail unit and one of the common nail diseases that occurs commonly in diabetic patients. It poses a threat of diabetic foot complications to diabetics and negatively affects the quality of life of the patients.
The overall aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and clinical features of onychomycosis in diabetics, as well as the spectrum of causative fungi in Nigeria as compared with age and sex-matched controls.
This was a hospital-based, comparative cross-sectional study. One hundred and fifty consecutive adult diabetics and 150 healthy controls (accompanied persons and staff) matched for age and sex were recruited from the Diabetic Clinics and the Dermatology Clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla. The participants were interviewed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire, nail scrapings were collected for fungal studies, and clippings for nail histopathology using Periodic Acid Schiff.
The prevalence of onychomycosis among DM subjects was 45.3% vs. 35.3% in controls, which was not statistically significant (P value 0.078). Distal-lateral subungual onychomycosis was the most common clinical type in both study groups and presented mainly with nail discolouration, onycholysis, and subungual hyperkeratosis. The most common fungi isolated were dermatophytes (Trichophyton soudanense), non-dermatophytes (Aspergillus spp.), and Candida species (Candida albicans).
Onychomycosis in diabetics is a very common nail disorder in the South-Eastern part of Nigeria with a high prevalence. The presence of foot ulcers was associated with onychomycosis in diabetics, and they were more likely to have non-dermatophytic onychomycosis.
甲癣是一种累及甲单位的真菌感染，是糖尿病患者常见的指甲疾病之一。它对糖尿病患者构成糖尿病足并发症的威胁，并对患者的生活质量产生负面影响。
本研究的总体目标是确定糖尿病患者中甲癣的患病率和临床特征，以及与年龄和性别匹配的对照组相比，尼日利亚甲癣致病真菌的种类。
这是一项基于医院的比较性横断面研究。从尼日利亚大学教学医院伊图库-奥扎拉分校的糖尿病诊所和皮肤科诊所招募了150名连续的成年糖尿病患者和150名年龄和性别匹配的健康对照者（陪同人员和工作人员）。使用预先测试的结构化问卷对参与者进行访谈，收集指甲刮屑进行真菌学研究，并采集指甲剪进行高碘酸希夫染色的指甲组织病理学检查。
糖尿病患者中甲癣的患病率为45.3%，对照组为35.3%，差异无统计学意义（P值0.078）。远端侧位甲下甲癣是两个研究组中最常见的临床类型，主要表现为指甲变色、甲分离和甲下过度角化。分离出的最常见真菌是皮肤癣菌（苏丹毛癣菌）、非皮肤癣菌（曲霉属）和念珠菌属（白色念珠菌）。
在尼日利亚东南部，糖尿病患者的甲癣是一种非常常见的指甲疾病，患病率很高。足部溃疡的存在与糖尿病患者的甲癣有关，他们更有可能患非皮肤癣菌性甲癣。
