Aghamirian Mohammad Reza, Ghiasian Seyed Amir
Medical Parasitology and Mycology Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Qazvin, Iran.
Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi. 2010;51(1):23-9. doi: 10.3314/jjmm.51.23.
Onychomycosis represents the most frequently encountered nail disease, which is difficult to eradicate with drug treatment.
This study was undertaken to document the clinico-mycological pattern of onychomycosis in Iran. Results of mycological tests of nail scrapings collected over a 4-year period were analyzed.
Both direct microscopy and cultures of the nail material were performed to identify the causative agents.
The microscopic and/or cultural detection of fungi was positive in 40.2% of samples. The most common clinical type noted was distolateral subungual onychomycosis in 48.4% of cases. Etiological fungal agents were 50% dermatophytes, 46.8% yeasts, and 3.2% saprophytic moulds. The most frequently detected dermatophyte species were Trichophyton rubrum (48.4%) and T. mentagrophytes (41.9%). Among yeasts, Candida albicans (58.6) was most common, followed by C. parapsilosis (17.2%), C. glabrata (10.3%), C. krusei and C. tropicalis (each 6.9%). Aspergillus niger and A. flavus were the most frequent saprophytic moulds. Females were affected more frequently than males, and in both sexes those most infected were between 40-49 years of age. Fingernails were affected more frequently than toenails.
The clinico-epidemiological data collected can serve as reference for future research and may be useful in the development of preventive and educational strategies.
甲癣是最常见的指甲疾病，药物治疗难以根除。
本研究旨在记录伊朗甲癣的临床真菌学模式。分析了4年期间收集的指甲刮屑的真菌学检测结果。
对指甲材料进行直接显微镜检查和培养，以鉴定病原体。
40.2%的样本真菌显微镜检查和/或培养检测呈阳性。最常见的临床类型是远端外侧甲下甲癣，占48.4%的病例。致病真菌中，皮肤癣菌占50%，酵母菌占46.8%，腐生霉菌占3.2%。最常检测到的皮肤癣菌种类是红色毛癣菌（48.4%）和须癣毛癣菌（41.9%）。在酵母菌中，白色念珠菌最常见（58.6%），其次是近平滑念珠菌（17.2%）、光滑念珠菌（10.3%）、克柔念珠菌和热带念珠菌（各占6.9%）。黑曲霉和黄曲霉是最常见的腐生霉菌。女性比男性更容易感染，且在两性中，感染最严重的是40 - 49岁的人群。手指甲比脚趾甲更容易受到影响。
收集到的临床流行病学数据可为未来研究提供参考，并可能有助于制定预防和教育策略。
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