Galdès-Sebaldt M, McLaughlin F J, Levison H
J Pediatr. 1985 Oct;107(4):526-30. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(85)80009-3.
The sensitivity and specificity of cold air, ultrasonically nebulized distilled water mist (USM), and standard methacholine (MCH) challenges were studied in 21 children with asthma (mean age 11.5 years) and 12 normal children (mean age 14.2 years). The cold air challenge consisted of successive 3-minute periods of hyperventilation during which incremental volumes of subfreezing air (mean temperature -16 degrees C) were inhaled. To perform the USM challenge, subjects inhaled increasingly larger volumes of nebulized distilled water while breathing tidally. The specificity of both nonpharmacologic challenges was found to be 100%, whereas that of MCH was only 83%. The sensitivity of the cold air and USM tests was 57% and 71%, respectively, compared with 95% obtained with MCH challenge. We conclude that cold air and USM challenges are promising alternatives to the MCH challenge, and may be superior to it if optimal standard testing protocols are defined.
对21名哮喘儿童（平均年龄11.5岁）和12名正常儿童（平均年龄14.2岁）进行了冷空气、超声雾化蒸馏水雾（USM）和标准乙酰甲胆碱（MCH）激发试验的敏感性和特异性研究。冷空气激发试验包括连续3分钟的过度通气期，在此期间吸入逐渐增加量的零下空气（平均温度-16摄氏度）。为进行USM激发试验，受试者在潮式呼吸时吸入逐渐增加量的雾化蒸馏水。发现两种非药物激发试验的特异性均为100%，而MCH激发试验的特异性仅为83%。与MCH激发试验获得的95%相比，冷空气和USM试验的敏感性分别为57%和71%。我们得出结论，冷空气和USM激发试验是MCH激发试验有前景的替代方法，如果定义了最佳标准测试方案，可能优于MCH激发试验。
