ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India.
Sci Rep. 2024 Jul 13;14(1):16218. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-67240-1.
The Sundarbans mangrove, located at the mouth of the Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers, is the world's largest tidal mangrove forest. These mangroves are also one of the most striking sources of microbial diversity, essential in productivity, conservation, nutrient cycling, and rehabilitation. Hence, the main objective of this study was to use metagenome analysis and provide detailed insight into microbial communities and their functional roles in the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem. A comparative analysis was also done with a non-mangrove region of the Sundarbans ecosystem to assess the capability of the environmental parameters to explain the variation in microbial community composition. The study found several dominant bacteria, viz., Alphaproteobacteria, Actinomycetota, Bacilli, Clostridia, Desulfobacterota, Gammaproteobacteria, and Nitrospira, from the mangrove region. The mangrove sampling site reports several salt-tolerant bacteria like Alkalibacillus haloalkaliphilus, Halomonas anticariensis, and Salinivibrio socompensis. We found some probiotic species, viz., Bacillus clausii, Lactobacillus curvatus, Vibrio mediterranei and Vibrio fluvialis, from the Sundarbans mangrove. Nitrifying bacteria in Sundarbans soils were Nitrococcus mobilis, Nitrosococcus oceani, Nitrosomonas halophila, Nitrospirade fluvii, and others. Methanogenic archaea, viz., Methanoculleus marisnigri, Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii, and Methanolacinia petrolearia, were highly abundant in the mangroves as compared to the non-mangrove soils. The identified methanotrophic bacterial species, viz., Methylobacter tundripaludum, Methylococcus capsulatus, Methylophaga thiooxydans, and Methylosarcina lacus are expected to play a significant role in the degradation of methane in mangrove soil. Among the bioremediation bacterial species identified, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Pseudomonas mendocina, Paracoccus denitrificans, and Shewanella putrefaciens play a significant role in the remediation of environmental pollution. Overall, our study shows for the first time that the Sundarbans, the largest mangrove ecosystem in the world, has a wide range of methanogenic archaea, methanotrophs, pathogenic, salt-tolerant, probiotic, nitrifying, and bioremediation bacteria.
孙德尔本斯红树林位于恒河和布拉马普特拉河的入海口，是世界上最大的潮汐红树林。这些红树林也是微生物多样性最显著的来源之一，对生产力、保护、养分循环和恢复至关重要。因此，本研究的主要目的是使用宏基因组分析，深入了解孙德尔本斯红树林生态系统中的微生物群落及其功能角色。还对孙德尔本斯生态系统的非红树林区域进行了比较分析，以评估环境参数解释微生物群落组成变化的能力。研究发现，红树林区域存在几种优势细菌，如α变形菌、放线菌门、芽孢杆菌、梭菌、脱硫菌、γ变形菌和硝化螺旋菌。红树林采样点报告了几种耐盐细菌，如 haloalkaliphilus 的 Alkalibacillus 、 anticariensis 的 Halomonas 和 socompensis 的 Salinivibrio 。我们从孙德尔本斯红树林中发现了一些益生菌物种，如 Bacillus clausii 、 Lactobacillus curvatus 、 Vibrio mediterranei 和 Vibrio fluvialis 。孙德尔本斯土壤中的硝化细菌包括 Nitrococcus mobilis 、 Nitrosococcus oceani 、 Nitrosomonas halophila 、 Nitrospirade fluvii 等。与非红树林土壤相比，甲烷产生古菌，如 Methanoculleus marisnigri 、 Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii 和 Methanolacinia petrolearia ，在红树林中高度丰富。鉴定出的甲烷营养细菌物种，如 Methylobacter tundripaludum 、 Methylococcus capsulatus 、 Methylophaga thiooxydans 和 Methylosarcina lacus ，有望在红树林土壤中甲烷降解中发挥重要作用。在鉴定出的生物修复细菌物种中，Pseudomonas alcaligenes 、 Pseudomonas mendocina 、 Paracoccus denitrificans 和 Shewanella putrefaciens 在环境污染修复中发挥着重要作用。总的来说，我们的研究首次表明，作为世界上最大的红树林生态系统，孙德尔本斯拥有广泛的产甲烷古菌、甲烷营养菌、致病、耐盐、益生菌、硝化和生物修复细菌。
