MD, Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Department of Orthopedic, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
Pathol Res Pract. 2024 Aug;260:155446. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155446. Epub 2024 Jul 3.
Osteoarthritis (OA) poses a significant global health challenge, with its prevalence anticipated to increase in the coming years. This review delves into the emerging molecular biomarkers in OA pathology, focusing on the roles of various molecules such as metabolites, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Advances in omics technologies have transformed biomarker identification, enabling comprehensive analyses of the complex pathways involved in OA pathogenesis. Notably, ncRNAs, especially miRNAs and lncRNAs, exhibit dysregulated expression patterns in OA, presenting promising opportunities for diagnosis and therapy. Additionally, the intricate interplay between epigenetic modifications and OA progression highlights the regulatory role of epigenetics in gene expression dynamics. Genome-wide association studies have pinpointed key genes undergoing epigenetic changes, providing insights into the inflammatory processes and chondrocyte hypertrophy typical of OA. Understanding the molecular landscape of OA, including biomarkers and epigenetic mechanisms, holds significant potential for developing innovative diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for OA management.
骨关节炎（OA）是一个重大的全球健康挑战，预计在未来几年其患病率将会增加。这篇综述深入探讨了 OA 病理学中新兴的分子生物标志物，重点关注各种分子的作用，如代谢物、非编码 RNA（ncRNA），包括 microRNAs（miRNAs）和长非编码 RNA（lncRNAs）和环状 RNA（circRNAs）。组学技术的进步改变了生物标志物的识别方式，使 OA 发病机制中涉及的复杂途径的综合分析成为可能。值得注意的是，ncRNAs，特别是 miRNAs 和 lncRNAs，在 OA 中表现出失调的表达模式，为诊断和治疗提供了有前途的机会。此外，表观遗传修饰与 OA 进展之间的复杂相互作用强调了表观遗传在基因表达动态中的调节作用。全基因组关联研究已经确定了经历表观遗传变化的关键基因，为 OA 中典型的炎症过程和软骨细胞肥大提供了深入了解。了解 OA 的分子图谱，包括生物标志物和表观遗传机制，为开发创新的 OA 管理诊断工具和治疗策略具有重要意义。
