The State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2024 Jul 10;19:6981-6997. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S468649. eCollection 2024.
() is one of the main pathogens responsible for refractory root canal infections in the teeth and shows resistance against various antibacterial managements. Effective control of infection is a prerequisite for successful treatment of refractory apical periodontitis. This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial activity and mechanisms of Au@Ag nanoparticles (NPs) combined with photothermal therapy (PTT) against the original and Ag-resistant
Au@AgNPs with optimal shell thicknesses were synthesized and characterized. The antibacterial activity of Au@AgNPs with PTT against the original or Ag-resistant was evaluated, and the antibiofilm activity was tested on biofilm on the dentin of teeth. The potential antibacterial mechanisms of Au@AgNPs combined with PTT against have also been studied. Moreover, its influence on dentin microhardness and cytotoxicity was assessed.
This study revealed that Au@AgNPs combined with PTT showed enhanced antibacterial and antibiofilm effects, no negative effects on dentin microhardness, and low cytotoxicity toward human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). Moreover, Au@AgNPs combined with PTT effectively inhibited the growth of Ag-resistant . Its antibacterial effects may be exerted through the release of silver ions (Ag), destruction of the cell membrane, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Hyperthermia generated by Au@AgNPs with PTT reduced membrane fluidity and enhanced Ag sensitivity by downregulating expression. The upregulated expression of heat shock genes demonstrated that the Ag released from Au@AgNPs compromised the heat adaptation of .
PTT significantly enhanced Ag sensitivity of the original and Ag-resistant . Au@AgNPs combined with PTT may have the potential to be developed as a new antibacterial agent to control infections in teeth.
（）是导致牙齿难治性根管感染的主要病原体之一，对各种抗菌管理具有耐药性。有效控制感染是成功治疗难治性根尖周炎的前提。本研究旨在分析金-银纳米粒子（Au@AgNPs）联合光热疗法（PTT）对原始和耐银 的抗菌活性及其机制。
合成并表征了具有最佳壳层厚度的 Au@AgNPs。评估了 Au@AgNPs 联合 PTT 对原始或耐银 的抗菌活性，并在牙本质牙菌斑上测试了抗生物膜活性。还研究了 Au@AgNPs 联合 PTT 对 的潜在抗菌机制。此外，还评估了其对牙本质显微硬度和细胞毒性的影响。
本研究表明，Au@AgNPs 联合 PTT 显示出增强的抗菌和抗生物膜作用，对牙本质显微硬度没有负面影响，对人牙周膜细胞（hPDLCs）的细胞毒性低。此外，Au@AgNPs 联合 PTT 有效地抑制了耐银 的生长。其抗菌作用可能是通过释放银离子（Ag）、破坏细胞膜、产生活性氧（ROS）和抑制三磷酸腺苷（ATP）产生来发挥的。PTT 产生的热使 Au@AgNPs 的膜流动性降低，并通过下调 表达增强 Ag 敏感性。热休克基因的上调表达表明，Au@AgNPs 释放的 Ag 损害了 的热适应能力。
PTT 显著增强了原始和耐银 的 Ag 敏感性。Au@AgNPs 联合 PTT 可能有潜力开发为一种新的抗菌剂，以控制牙齿中的 感染。
