Kaurani Purvi, Moreira de Marchi Apolaro Ana Vitoria, Kunchala Keerthi, Maini Shriya, Rges Huda A F, Isaac Ashley, Lakkimsetti Mohit, Raake Mohammed, Nazir Zahra
Neurology, DY Patil University School of Medicine, Navi Mumbai , IND.
Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina Santa Marcelina, São Paulo, BRA.
Cureus. 2024 Jun 12;16(6):e62242. doi: 10.7759/cureus.62242. eCollection 2024 Jun.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) consists of an external physical force that causes brain function impairment or pathology and globally affects 50 million people each year, with a cost of 400 billion US dollars. Clinical presentation of TBI can occur in many forms, and patients usually require prolonged hospital care and lifelong rehabilitation, which leads to an impact on the quality of life. For this narrative review, no particular method was used to extract data. With the aid of health descriptors and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms, a search was thoroughly conducted in databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. After the application of exclusion and inclusion criteria, a total of 146 articles were effectively used for this review. Results indicate that rehabilitation after TBI happens through neuroplasticity, which combines neural regeneration and functional reorganization. The role of technology, including artificial intelligence, virtual reality, robotics, computer interface, and neuromodulation, is to impact rehabilitation and life quality improvement significantly. Pharmacological intervention, however, did not result in any benefit when compared to standard care and still needs further research. It is possible to conclude that, given the high and diverse degree of disability associated with TBI, rehabilitation interventions should be precocious and tailored according to the individual's needs in order to achieve the best possible results. An interdisciplinary patient-centered care health team and well-oriented family members should be involved in every stage. Lastly, strategies must be adequate, well-planned, and communicated to patients and caregivers to attain higher functional outcomes.
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是由外部物理力导致脑功能损害或病变，每年全球有5000万人受其影响，造成的经济损失达4000亿美元。TBI的临床表现形式多样，患者通常需要长期住院治疗和终身康复，这对生活质量产生了影响。对于本叙述性综述，未采用特定方法提取数据。借助健康描述符和医学主题词（MeSH）术语，在PubMed和谷歌学术等数据库中进行了全面检索。应用排除和纳入标准后，共146篇文章被有效用于本综述。结果表明，TBI后的康复通过神经可塑性发生，神经可塑性结合了神经再生和功能重组。包括人工智能、虚拟现实、机器人技术、计算机接口和神经调节在内的技术的作用是显著影响康复和生活质量的改善。然而，与标准护理相比，药物干预并未带来任何益处，仍需进一步研究。可以得出结论，鉴于与TBI相关的残疾程度高且多样，康复干预应尽早进行，并根据个体需求进行定制，以取得最佳效果。一个以患者为中心的跨学科护理健康团队和导向良好的家庭成员应参与每个阶段。最后，策略必须适当、精心规划，并与患者和护理人员沟通，以实现更高的功能结果。
