Hernández-Muñiz Paloma, Borrero Celia, Capote Nieves, Avilés Manuel
Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica (ETSIA), Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
Área de Protección Vegetal Sostenible, Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción Ecológica (IFAPA) Centro Las Torres, Seville, Spain.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Jul 1;15:1416401. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1416401. eCollection 2024.
The study explores anaerobic soil disinfection as an alternative to soil fumigants for controlling Verticillium wilt in strawberry crops. For this purpose, two agrowastes close to the strawberry-growing areas of Huelva province were tested as potential amendments for the control of Verticillium wilt: rice bran and residual strawberry extrudate. Furthermore, two application rates were evaluated: 13.50 and 20.00 t/ha for the rice bran and 16.89 and 25.02 t/ha for residual strawberry extrudate. Amended and anaerobically disinfested soils were compared with a non-amended soil under anaerobic conditions, a soil treated with the chemical fungicide metam sodium and an untreated soil. One week before the start of disinfection treatment, these soils were artificially inoculated with 250 microsclerotia/g dry soil of . After disinfestation treatments, pathogens were quantified, and strawberry plants were cropped in a growth chamber to further evaluate Verticillium wilt severity, which was measured with a symptom scale in the same potting soils. Measurements of the anaerobic condition, pH and microbial population densities were performed, and the results showed significant differences between the different amendments. In addition, the treatment with rice bran at 20 t/ha recorded the lowest population density of . Likewise, it was possible to achieve a reduction in foliar disease severity in all amended treatments in similar percentage to those obtained by chemical treatment. These results suggest potential application of this technique for the control of Verticillium wilt in the strawberry-growing area of Huelva, reducing the use of chemical fumigants.
该研究探索了厌氧土壤消毒作为土壤熏蒸剂的替代方法，用于控制草莓作物中的黄萎病。为此，对韦尔瓦省草莓种植区附近的两种农业废弃物作为控制黄萎病的潜在改良剂进行了测试：米糠和草莓残余挤出物。此外，评估了两种施用量：米糠为13.50和20.00吨/公顷，草莓残余挤出物为16.89和25.02吨/公顷。将改良和厌氧消毒的土壤与厌氧条件下未改良的土壤、用化学杀菌剂甲基磺草酮处理的土壤和未处理的土壤进行比较。在消毒处理开始前一周，这些土壤人工接种了每克干土250个微菌核的。消毒处理后，对病原体进行定量，并在生长室中种植草莓植株，以进一步评估黄萎病的严重程度，用相同盆栽土壤中的症状量表进行测量。进行了厌氧条件、pH值和微生物种群密度的测量，结果显示不同改良剂之间存在显著差异。此外，20吨/公顷米糠处理记录的最低种群密度。同样，在所有改良处理中，叶面病害严重程度都有可能降低，降低百分比与化学处理获得的百分比相似。这些结果表明，该技术在韦尔瓦草莓种植区控制黄萎病方面具有潜在应用价值，可减少化学熏蒸剂的使用。
