Innstrand S T, Banks C, Maslach C, Lowenstein C
Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Interdisciplinary Center for Healthy Workplaces, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
J Workplace Behav Health. 2023 Mar 18;38(2):103-126. doi: 10.1080/15555240.2023.2194026.
The present study explores psychosocial needs among university employees and the extent to which these needs influence employee perceptions of how work positively or negatively affects their health. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses among Norwegian faculty members ( = 11,533) suggest that needs differ in importance to the two work-related health outcomes. Multi-group analyses suggest gender differences in the level of these needs and in their degree of relationship with positive/negative work-related health. Among women, the strongest predictors of positive and negative work-related health are work engagement and autonomy, respectively. Among men, the strongest predictors of positive and negative work-related health are meaning and social community, respectively. Although significant differences were found in the level of the psychosocial needs across different university groups (faculty, PhD students, administrative/technical staff), their predictive value for how work affects their health positively or negatively is basically equivalent across groups. Study findings raise two implications: (1) the mechanisms and characteristics of the work environment that promote detract from health in the university setting do not appear to be two sides of the same coin and suggest different sets of interventions for improving employee health, and (2) gender differences should be taken into account in designing interventions to improve health and well-being in universities.
本研究探讨了大学员工的心理社会需求，以及这些需求在多大程度上影响员工对工作对其健康产生积极或消极影响的认知。对挪威教职员工（n = 11,533）进行的结构方程模型（SEM）分析表明，这些需求对两种与工作相关的健康结果的重要性有所不同。多组分析表明，这些需求的水平及其与积极/消极工作相关健康的关系程度存在性别差异。在女性中，与积极和消极工作相关健康的最强预测因素分别是工作投入和自主性。在男性中，与积极和消极工作相关健康的最强预测因素分别是意义和社会群体。尽管不同大学群体（教职员工、博士生、行政/技术人员）的心理社会需求水平存在显著差异，但它们对工作如何积极或消极影响其健康的预测价值在各群体中基本相当。研究结果带来了两点启示：（1）在大学环境中，促进或损害健康的工作环境机制和特征似乎并非同一枚硬币的两面，这表明需要采取不同的干预措施来改善员工健康；（2）在设计改善大学健康和福祉的干预措施时，应考虑性别差异。
