Kiuchi Yuto, Makizako Hyuma, Kimura Mika, Nakai Yuki, Taniguchi Yoshiaki, Akaida Shoma, Tateishi Mana, Kubozono Takuro, Takenaka Toshihiro, Shimada Hiroyuki, Ohishi Mitsuru
Graduate School of Health Sciences Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.
Ann Geriatr Med Res. 2024 Dec;28(4):453-459. doi: 10.4235/agmr.24.0080. Epub 2024 Jul 18.
This study aimed to investigate the potential association between the combination of low physical activity and low dietary diversity with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older Japanese adults.
Data from 600 older adults (mean age, 74.1±6.4 years; women, 62.0%) were analyzed. We evaluated dietary variety based on the Food Frequency Score (FFS; maximum 30 points) by assessing the 1-week consumption frequencies of ten foods. An FFS of ≤16 indicated low dietary diversity. We assessed MCI using the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Functional Assessment Tool. Physical activity levels was determined based on participant responses to two questions: "Do you engage in moderate levels of physical exercise or sports aimed at health?" and "Do you engage in low levels of physical exercise aimed at health?" Participants who responded "No" to both questions were classified as having low physical activity levels. We classified the participants into robust, low-dietary diversity, low-physical activity, and coexistence groups.
The overall prevalence of MCI was 20.7%, with rates in the robust, low dietary diversity, low physical activity, and coexistence groups of 17.7%, 24.7%, 25.0%, and 41.9%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that low dietary diversity and physical activity were associated with MCI in older adults (odds ratio=2.80, 95% confidence interval 1.22-6.28).
The results of the present study demonstrated the association of the co-occurrence of low dietary diversity and low physical activity with MCI. Older adults with both risk factors may require early detection, as well as physical activity and dietary interventions.
本研究旨在调查日本老年人群中低体力活动与低饮食多样性相结合与轻度认知障碍（MCI）之间的潜在关联。
分析了600名老年人（平均年龄74.1±6.4岁；女性占62.0%）的数据。我们通过评估十种食物的1周食用频率，基于食物频率评分（FFS；满分30分）来评估饮食多样性。FFS≤16表明饮食多样性低。我们使用国立老年医学和老年学中心功能评估工具评估MCI。根据参与者对两个问题的回答来确定体力活动水平：“您是否进行旨在促进健康的适度体育锻炼或运动？”以及“您是否进行旨在促进健康的低强度体育锻炼？”对两个问题均回答“否”的参与者被归类为体力活动水平低。我们将参与者分为健康组、低饮食多样性组、低体力活动组和共存组。
MCI的总体患病率为20.7%，健康组、低饮食多样性组、低体力活动组和共存组的患病率分别为17.7%、24.7%、25.0%和41.9%。多因素logistic回归分析显示，低饮食多样性和体力活动与老年人的MCI相关（比值比=2.80，95%置信区间1.22 - 6.28）。
本研究结果表明低饮食多样性和低体力活动同时存在与MCI有关。具有这两种风险因素的老年人可能需要早期检测，以及进行体力活动和饮食干预。
