Zhang Lei, Chen Wei, Miao Haijun, Zou Ting, Xiang Xuan, Wu Ruikai, Zhou Xiaohui
Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Apr 4;13:1564544. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1564544. eCollection 2025.
Research indicates that mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults is linked to physical activity; however, the relationship between varying levels of physical activity (PAL) and the risk of MCI needs further exploration.
This study explores the association and dose-response relationship between different levels of physical activity and MCI in older adults.
Using data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this cross-sectional analysis included 5,373 older adults aged 60 and above. Binary logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) methods were employed to examine the association and dose-response relationship between different PAL levels and the risk of MCI in the overall population and subgroups. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate the robustness of the results.
In the overall study population, compared to the lowest PAL quartile, participants in the second PAL quartile had a significantly reduced risk of MCI by 21.3% ( < 0.05). Given that the second PAL quartile had the lowest risk of MCI, a logistic regression model was constructed using the second quartile as the reference group. The results showed that, compared to the second PAL quartile, participants in the first and fourth PAL quartiles had significantly increased risks of MCI by 27.1% ( < 0.05) and 38.2% ( < 0.05), respectively. In subgroup analyses, compared to the second PAL quartile, female participants in the third and fourth PAL quartiles had significantly increased risks of MCI by 50.1% ( < 0.05) and 89.0% ( < 0.05), respectively; participants aged 60-74 in the first and fourth PAL quartiles had significantly increased risks of MCI by 29.4% ( < 0.05) and 42.2% ( < 0.05), respectively; and rural residents in the fourth PAL quartile had a significantly increased risk of MCI by 33.5% ( < 0.05). In the Chinese older adult population, a dose-response relationship was observed between physical activity and the risk of MCI. The RCS curve showed that as physical activity increased, the risk of MCI gradually decreased, reaching a beneficial point at 900 MET-min/week, with the lowest risk at approximately 1,600 MET-min/week. Beyond 1,600 MET-min/week, the risk of MCI began to rise, reaching a significant increase at 2,100 MET-min/week. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings.
Physical activity levels between 900 and 2,100 MET-min/week are associated with a reduced risk of MCI in the Chinese older adult population. Using physical activity to predict the risk of MCI in this population is feasible, and moderate physical activity may be an effective strategy for preventing and managing MCI.
研究表明，老年人的轻度认知障碍（MCI）与身体活动有关；然而，不同水平的身体活动（PAL）与MCI风险之间的关系需要进一步探索。
本研究探讨老年人不同水平身体活动与MCI之间的关联及剂量反应关系。
利用2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）的数据，本横断面分析纳入了5373名60岁及以上的老年人。采用二元逻辑回归模型和限制立方样条（RCS）方法，检验不同PAL水平与总体人群及亚组中MCI风险之间的关联及剂量反应关系。进行敏感性分析以验证结果的稳健性。
在总体研究人群中，与最低PAL四分位数相比，第二PAL四分位数的参与者MCI风险显著降低21.3%（<0.05）。鉴于第二PAL四分位数的MCI风险最低，以第二四分位数为参照组构建逻辑回归模型。结果显示，与第二PAL四分位数相比，第一和第四PAL四分位数的参与者MCI风险分别显著增加27.1%（<0.05）和38.2%（<0.05）。在亚组分析中，与第二PAL四分位数相比，第三和第四PAL四分位数的女性参与者MCI风险分别显著增加50.1%（<0.05）和89.0%（<0.05）；第一和第四PAL四分位数中60 - 74岁的参与者MCI风险分别显著增加29.4%（<0.05）和42.2%（<0.05）；第四PAL四分位数的农村居民MCI风险显著增加33.5%（<0.05）。在中国老年人群体中，观察到身体活动与MCI风险之间存在剂量反应关系。RCS曲线显示，随着身体活动增加，MCI风险逐渐降低，在900代谢当量-分钟/周时达到有益点，在约1600代谢当量-分钟/周时风险最低。超过1600代谢当量-分钟/周，MCI风险开始上升，在2100代谢当量-分钟/周时显著增加。敏感性分析证实了研究结果的稳健性。
每周900至2100代谢当量-分钟的身体活动水平与中国老年人群体中较低的MCI风险相关。利用身体活动预测该人群的MCI风险是可行的，适度的身体活动可能是预防和管理MCI的有效策略。
