Center of Translational Oral Research (TOR), Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, Bergen, 5009, Norway.
School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Division of Coating Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden.
Adv Healthc Mater. 2024 Oct;13(27):e2401202. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202401202. Epub 2024 Jul 17.
There is an overwhelming demand for new scaffolding materials for tissue engineering (TE) purposes. Polymeric scaffolds have been explored as TE materials; however, their high glass transition state (T) limits their applicability. In this study, a novel materials platform for fabricating TE scaffolds is proposed based on solvent-free two-component heterocyclic triazine-trione (TATO) formulations, which cure at room temperature via thiol-ene/yne photochemistry. Three ester-containing thermosets, TATO-1, TATO-2, and TATO-3, are used for the fabrication of TE scaffolds including rigid discs, elastic films, microporous sponges, and 3D printed objects. After 14 days' incubation the materials covered a wide range of properties, from the soft TATO-2 having a compression modulus of 19.3 MPa and a T of 30.4 °C to the hard TATO-3 having a compression modulus of 411 MPa and a T of 62.5 °C. All materials exhibit micro- and nano-surface morphologies suited for bone tissue engineering, and in vitro studies found them all to be cytocompatible, supporting fast cell proliferation while minimizing cell apoptosis and necrosis. Moreover, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on the surface of the materials are successfully differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and neuronal cells, underlining the broad potential for the biofabrication of TATO materials for TE clinical applications.
对于组织工程（TE）目的，人们对新型支架材料的需求非常迫切。聚合物支架已被探索作为 TE 材料；然而，其较高的玻璃化转变温度（T）限制了其适用性。在这项研究中，提出了一种基于无溶剂双组分杂环三嗪-三酮（TATO）配方的新型材料平台，可通过硫醇-烯/炔光化学在室温下固化。三种含酯的热固性材料 TATO-1、TATO-2 和 TATO-3 用于制造 TE 支架，包括刚性圆盘、弹性薄膜、微孔海绵和 3D 打印物体。在 14 天的孵育后，这些材料的性能涵盖了很宽的范围，从柔软的 TATO-2 具有 19.3 MPa 的压缩模量和 30.4°C 的 T 到坚硬的 TATO-3 具有 411 MPa 的压缩模量和 62.5°C 的 T。所有材料都具有适合骨组织工程的微观和纳米表面形貌，体外研究发现它们都具有细胞相容性，可支持细胞快速增殖，同时将细胞凋亡和坏死降至最低。此外，骨髓间充质干细胞在材料表面成功分化为成骨细胞、脂肪细胞和神经元细胞，突出了 TATO 材料在 TE 临床应用中的生物制造的广泛潜力。
