Thomas E L
Infect Immun. 1979 Jul;25(1):110-6. doi: 10.1128/iai.25.1.110-116.1979.
Exogenous ammonium ions (NH(4) (+)) and amine compounds had a profound influence on the antibacterial activity of the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system against Escherichia coli. The rate of killing increased in the presence of NH(4) (+) and certain guanidino compounds and decreased in the presence of alpha-amino acids, polylysine, taurine, or tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane. Myeloperoxidase catalyzed the oxidation of chloride to hypochlorous acid, which reacted either with bacterial amine or amide components or both or with the exogenous compounds to yield chloramine or chloramide derivatives or both. These nitrogen-chlorine derivatives could oxidize bacterial components. Killing was correlated with oxidation of bacterial components. The rate of oxidation of bacterial sulfhydryls increased in the presence of the compounds that increased the rate of killing and decreased in the presence of the other compounds. The reaction of HOCl with NH(4) (+) yielded monochloramine (NH(2)Cl), which could be extracted into organic solvents. The N-Cl derivatives of bacterial components or of polylysine, taurine, or tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane could not be extracted. The effect of NH(4) (+) on killing is attributed to the ability of NH(2)Cl to penetrate the hydrophobic cell membrane and thus to oxidize intracellular components. Polylysine, taurine, and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane formed high-molecular-weight, charged, or polar N-Cl derivatives that would be unable to penetrate the cell membrane. These results suggest an important role for leukocyte amine components in myeloperoxidase-catalyzed antimicrobial activity in vivo.
外源性铵离子（NH₄⁺）和胺类化合物对髓过氧化物酶 - 过氧化氢 - 氯化物系统针对大肠杆菌的抗菌活性有深远影响。在NH₄⁺和某些胍基化合物存在时，杀灭速率增加，而在α - 氨基酸、聚赖氨酸、牛磺酸或三（羟甲基）氨基甲烷存在时，杀灭速率降低。髓过氧化物酶催化氯化物氧化为次氯酸，次氯酸与细菌的胺或酰胺成分或两者反应，或与外源性化合物反应，生成氯胺或氯酰胺衍生物或两者。这些氮 - 氯衍生物可氧化细菌成分。杀灭作用与细菌成分的氧化相关。在增加杀灭速率的化合物存在时，细菌巯基的氧化速率增加，而在其他化合物存在时则降低。HOCl与NH₄⁺反应生成一氯胺（NH₂Cl），其可被萃取到有机溶剂中。细菌成分或聚赖氨酸、牛磺酸或三（羟甲基）氨基甲烷的N - Cl衍生物不能被萃取。NH₄⁺对杀灭的影响归因于NH₂Cl穿透疏水细胞膜并因此氧化细胞内成分的能力。聚赖氨酸、牛磺酸和三（羟甲基）氨基甲烷形成高分子量、带电或极性的N - Cl衍生物，这些衍生物无法穿透细胞膜。这些结果表明白细胞胺成分在体内髓过氧化物酶催化的抗菌活性中起重要作用。
