Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitisas Avenue, 1700, Nicosia, Cyprus.
School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2024 Sep;124(9):2547-2560. doi: 10.1007/s00421-024-05556-6. Epub 2024 Jul 20.
Sleep disorders are prevalent among the general population and even more in individuals suffering from chronic diseases. Recent data reveal promising effects of physical exercise as a non-pharmacological approach for improving sleep and managing various sleep disorders. However, more studies with proper design and methodology should be conducted in the future to obtain a clearer understanding of the subject. The role of exercise in preventing and improving sleep disorders is probably much higher than what is currently exploited. To fully exploit the potential benefit of physical activity on sleep disorders in the future, it is necessary to identify the relevant tools to assess sleep-wake disorders and establish specific exercise protocols tailored to different sleep disorders. The present manuscript aims to review the literature on the use of exercise in managing selected sleep disorders. Regular exercise, including short-term aerobic activity, resistance training, and mind-body exercises, can effectively improve sleep quality, particularly in cases of insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing. Additionally, increasing evidence supports the effectiveness of aerobic and strength training, and body-mind exercises such as yoga in managing sleep-related movement disorders. Exercise can be a safe, affordable, and efficient tool in enhancing sleep quality and improving sleep disorders. Per se, regular exercise could play an adjuvant role alongside with established therapies, or a valid alternative when the pharmacological approach is limited by side effects, interactions, or inefficacy. More research is needed to define how exercise affects the physiology of sleep, and consequently how to use exercise in patients with sleep disorders.
睡眠障碍在普通人群中很常见，在患有慢性疾病的人群中更为常见。最近的数据显示，体育锻炼作为一种非药物治疗方法，对改善睡眠和治疗各种睡眠障碍有很好的效果。然而，未来还需要更多设计合理、方法得当的研究来更清楚地了解这一主题。运动在预防和改善睡眠障碍方面的作用可能比目前所利用的要大得多。为了充分发挥身体活动对未来睡眠障碍的潜在益处，有必要确定相关工具来评估睡眠-觉醒障碍，并制定针对不同睡眠障碍的具体运动方案。本文旨在综述运动在治疗特定睡眠障碍中的应用。有规律的运动，包括短期的有氧运动、抗阻运动和身心运动，可以有效地改善睡眠质量，特别是对失眠和睡眠呼吸障碍患者。此外，越来越多的证据支持有氧运动和力量训练以及身心运动（如瑜伽）对治疗与睡眠相关的运动障碍的有效性。运动可以作为一种安全、经济、有效的方法来提高睡眠质量和改善睡眠障碍。有规律的运动本身可以作为辅助治疗手段，或者在药物治疗因副作用、相互作用或无效而受到限制时，作为一种有效的替代治疗手段。需要进一步的研究来确定运动如何影响睡眠的生理机能，以及如何在睡眠障碍患者中使用运动。
