Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
Rev Med Virol. 2024 Jul;34(4):e2565. doi: 10.1002/rmv.2565.
Global attention is riveted on neurodegenerative diseases due to their unresolved aetiologies and lack of efficacious therapies. Two key factors implicated include mitochondrial impairment and microglial ageing. Several viral infections, including Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Epstein-Barr virus, are linked to heightened risk of these disorders. Surprisingly, numerous studies indicate viruses induce these aforementioned precipitating events. Epstein-Barr virus, Hepatitis C Virus, HIV, respiratory syncytial virus, HSV-1, Japanese Encephalitis Virus, Zika virus and Enterovirus 71 specifically impact mitochondrial function, leading to mitochondrial malfunction. These vital organelles govern various cell activities and, under specific circumstances, trigger microglial ageing. This article explores the role of viral infections in elucidating the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative ailments. Various viruses instigate microglial ageing via mitochondrial destruction, causing senescent microglia to exhibit activated behaviour, thereby inducing neuroinflammation and contributing to neurodegeneration.
由于神经退行性疾病的病因尚未明确，且缺乏有效的治疗方法，因此全球都在关注这类疾病。两个关键因素包括线粒体损伤和小胶质细胞衰老。几种病毒感染，包括单纯疱疹病毒 1（HSV-1）、人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）和爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV），与这些疾病的风险增加有关。令人惊讶的是，许多研究表明病毒会诱导这些上述促成事件的发生。EBV、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）、HIV、呼吸道合胞病毒、HSV-1、日本脑炎病毒、寨卡病毒和肠道病毒 71 特别影响线粒体功能，导致线粒体功能障碍。这些重要的细胞器控制着各种细胞活动，在某些特定情况下，会引发小胶质细胞衰老。本文探讨了病毒感染在阐明神经退行性疾病发病机制中的作用。各种病毒通过破坏线粒体引发小胶质细胞衰老，使衰老的小胶质细胞表现出激活的行为，从而引发神经炎症，导致神经退行性变。
