Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, California.
Am J Pathol. 2024 Oct;194(10):1807-1822. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.06.004. Epub 2024 Jul 18.
Respiratory tract infections represent a significant global public health concern, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. RNA viruses, particularly influenza viruses and coronaviruses, significantly contribute to respiratory illnesses, especially in immunosuppressed and elderly individuals. Influenza A viruses (IAVs) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continue to pose global health threats due to their capacity to cause annual epidemics, with profound implications for public health. In addition, the increase in global life expectancy is influencing the dynamics and outcomes of respiratory viral infections. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which IAVs and SARS-CoV-2 contribute to lung disease progression is therefore crucial. The aim of this review is to comprehensively explore the impact of IAVs and SARS-CoV-2 on chronic lung diseases, with a specific focus on pulmonary fibrosis in the elderly. It also outlines potential preventive and therapeutic strategies and suggests directions for future research.
呼吸道感染是一个全球性的重大公共卫生关注点，特别影响到儿童、老年人和免疫功能低下的人群等脆弱群体。RNA 病毒，特别是流感病毒和冠状病毒，极大地促成了呼吸道疾病，尤其是在免疫抑制和老年人群体中。由于其每年引发流行病的能力，流感 A 病毒 (IAV) 和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 仍然构成全球健康威胁，对公共卫生产生深远影响。此外，全球预期寿命的增加正在影响呼吸道病毒感染的动态和结果。因此，了解 IAV 和 SARS-CoV-2 导致肺病进展的分子机制至关重要。本综述的目的是全面探讨 IAV 和 SARS-CoV-2 对慢性肺病的影响，特别关注老年人的肺纤维化。它还概述了潜在的预防和治疗策略，并为未来的研究提出了方向。
