Amare Abebech Nuguse, Sorsa Solomon, Gebremariam Zinabu
College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Hawassa University, P.O.Box. 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, Hawassa University, P.O.Box. 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
Heliyon. 2024 Jun 26;10(13):e33286. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33286. eCollection 2024 Jul 15.
Air pollution is a global public health concern due to its harmful health effects. However, there is scarce data on concentrations and sources of inorganic gaseous pollutants (NO, CO, and SO) and particulate matter (PM and PM) in Ethiopia, particularly Hawassa City. Thus, the goal of this research is to determine the indoor and outdoor concentrations of PM, PM, NO, CO, and SO in urban and industrial areas of Hawassa City, Ethiopia, and to evaluate potential health concerns. A portable gas monitor device (HoldPeak Laser PM meter, HP 5800D) was used to measure the levels of PM and PM. The Aeroqual Series 500 Portable Air Quality Monitor (Aeroqual Ltd., New Zealand) was used to measure the concentrations of NO, CO, and SO. The results of this study showed that the average concentrations of PM, PM, and NO ranged from 8.8 to 310.7, 20.1-515.8, and 40.0-123.7 μg/m, respectively, during the dry season. In the wet season, the ranges for PM, PM, NO, and CO levels were 17.2-117.4, 24.3-167.2, 31.8-111.3, and 77-33312 μg/m, respectively. The wide range of variations in the concentrations of PM, PM, NO and CO variations may be related to spatial and temporal factors such as sampling locations and seasonal changes. In both the wet and dry seasons, the hazard quotient (HQ) for PM and PM was greater than one, suggesting a non-carcinogenic effect. The PM excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) ranged from 0.1 to 0.7, which is greater than the recommended values by the WHO (ranging from 1 × 10 to 1 × 10) and the USEPA (less than 1 × 10). The HQ and ELCR values imply a considerable health risk for the general population.
空气污染因其对健康的有害影响而成为全球公共卫生问题。然而，埃塞俄比亚，特别是哈瓦萨市，关于无机气态污染物（NO、CO和SO）以及颗粒物（PM和PM）的浓度和来源的数据稀缺。因此，本研究的目的是确定埃塞俄比亚哈瓦萨市城市和工业区室内和室外PM、PM、NO、CO和SO的浓度，并评估潜在的健康问题。使用便携式气体监测设备（HoldPeak激光PM仪，HP 5800D）测量PM和PM的水平。使用Aeroqual系列500便携式空气质量监测仪（Aeroqual有限公司，新西兰）测量NO、CO和SO的浓度。本研究结果表明，在旱季，PM、PM和NO的平均浓度分别为8.8至310.7、20.1 - 515.8和40.0 - 123.7μg/m。在雨季，PM、PM、NO和CO水平的范围分别为17.2 - 117.4、24.3 - 167.2、31.8 - 111.3和77 - 33312μg/m。PM、PM、NO和CO浓度的广泛变化可能与空间和时间因素有关，如采样地点和季节变化。在雨季和旱季，PM和PM的危害商（HQ）均大于1，表明存在非致癌效应。PM的终生超额癌症风险（ELCR）范围为0.1至0.7，高于世界卫生组织（范围为1×10至1×10）和美国环境保护局（小于1×10）的推荐值。HQ和ELCR值意味着普通人群存在相当大的健康风险。
