Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia.
Department of Postharvest Management, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma, Ethiopia.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2024 Jul 23;43(1):108. doi: 10.1186/s41043-024-00598-0.
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has been shown to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive adults, but there is limited information available on dietary adherence and related factors among hypertensive patients in the study area. Hence, the current study aimed to assess dietary adherence and associated factors among hypertensive patients aged greater than or equal to 18 years old in governmental hospitals of Guji zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia.
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted between June 5, 2023, and August 30, 2023. For this study, patients with a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher and/or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or higher on two separate occasions were classified as hypertensive. Thus, the study involved 399 hypertensive patients who were selected using systematic random sampling methods. The level of knowledge regarding hypertension was measured through the use of hypertension knowledge-level scale (HK-LS) questionnaires, while the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were assessed using the Cronbach's alpha test (α ≥ 0.70).The association between factors was analyzed using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and a 95% confidence interval. Variables with p-values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Among the respondents, only 28.30% (CI: 23.9, 33) of participants were found to be adherent to the recommended diet. Factors like participation in nutritional education, level of knowledge, respondents' ages, and length of time since hypertension diagnosis showed a strong association with adherence to recommended dietary guidelines.
The research findings indicated that the level of compliance with the prescribed diet was generally subpar among individuals with hypertension in comparison to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet recommendations. So, it is essential to offer hypertensive patients an education focused on health and nutrition in order to enhance their adherence to dietary guidelines and promote a healthier dietary routine. The results of this research will also be valuable in increasing awareness among policymakers and the general public about the dietary adherence and its associated factors, thus aiding in the development and execution of suitable interventions.
已证实，膳食方法防治高血压（DASH）饮食可降低高血压成年人的血压，但在研究区域，关于高血压患者的饮食依从性及相关因素的信息有限。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚地区古吉地区政府医院大于或等于 18 岁的高血压患者的饮食依从性及相关因素。
2023 年 6 月 5 日至 2023 年 8 月 30 日进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究。在这项研究中，将两次收缩压为 140mmHg 或以上和/或舒张压为 90mmHg 或以上的患者归类为高血压患者。因此，该研究涉及 399 名高血压患者，他们是通过系统随机抽样方法选择的。高血压知识水平量表（HK-LS）问卷用于评估高血压知识水平，通过 Cronbach's alpha 检验（α≥0.70）评估问卷的信度和效度。使用调整后的优势比（AOR）和 95%置信区间分析因素之间的关系。p 值小于 0.05 的变量被认为具有统计学意义。
在受访者中，只有 28.30%（置信区间：23.9，33）的参与者被发现遵守推荐的饮食。参加营养教育、知识水平、受访者年龄和高血压诊断后时间长短等因素与遵守推荐饮食指南密切相关。
研究结果表明，与膳食方法防治高血压（DASH）饮食建议相比，高血压患者遵守规定饮食的程度普遍较差。因此，有必要为高血压患者提供健康和营养方面的教育，以提高他们对饮食指南的依从性，并促进更健康的饮食习惯。本研究的结果还将有助于提高政策制定者和公众对饮食依从性及其相关因素的认识，从而有助于制定和实施合适的干预措施。
