Smachew Moges, Melak Melkitu Fentie, Atenafu Azeb, Belew Aysheshim Kassahun
Department of Nursing, Mizan Aman College of Health Sciences, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia.
Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Nutr Metab Insights. 2022 Mar 23;15:11786388221088245. doi: 10.1177/11786388221088245. eCollection 2022.
Hypertension is one of the leading causes of disability and death in both developed and developing countries including Ethiopia. Non-communicable diseases account for 42% of deaths in Ethiopia. However, it is still widely undetected and poorly controlled. Hence, this study aims to assess the lifestyle modification practices and related factors of adult hypertensive patients in the central Gondar region of northwestern Ethiopia.
Institutional based, cross-sectional study was conducted from April 10 up to May 10, 2021. A simple random sampling was used to select 629 study participants. Data were collected by using self-administered and structured questionnaire. Data were entered to EpiData 4.6 and exported to SPSS 20 for further analysis. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the factors associated with lifestyle modification. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength of association, while a P-value <.05 of was used to declare the significance of association.
The overall prevalence of recommended lifestyle modification in hypertensive patients was 24.2% (95% CI (20.8, 27.5)). Age ⩾65 years (AOR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.88), no formal education (AOR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.4, 0.97), diagnosis time is 5 to 10 years (AOR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.11, 3.34), co morbidities (AOR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.3, 0.73), and rich wealth index (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.22, 3.27) are is significantly associated with good lifestyle modification practices.
The practice of good lifestyle modifications in the study area was found to be low among the hypertensive patients. Respondents' age, education status, wealth index, duration of diagnosis, and co morbidities were found to be significant factors related to good lifestyle modification practices. Therefore, more attention should be paid to providing nutrition counseling and health promotion to improve the practice of lifestyle modification in patients with hypertension.
高血压是包括埃塞俄比亚在内的发达国家和发展中国家致残和致死的主要原因之一。非传染性疾病在埃塞俄比亚的死亡原因中占42%。然而，高血压仍然广泛未被发现且控制不佳。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚西北部贡德尔中部地区成年高血压患者的生活方式改变实践及相关因素。
于2021年4月10日至5月10日进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究。采用简单随机抽样选取629名研究参与者。通过自填式结构化问卷收集数据。数据录入EpiData 4.6并导出到SPSS 20进行进一步分析。采用多变量逻辑回归分析来确定与生活方式改变相关的因素。调整后的比值比（AOR）及其95%置信区间用于显示关联强度，而P值<.05用于表明关联的显著性。
高血压患者中推荐的生活方式改变的总体患病率为24.2%（95%CI（20.8, 27.5））。年龄≥65岁（AOR = 0.59，95%CI：0.39, 0.88）、未接受正规教育（AOR = 0.65，95%CI：0.4, 0.97）、诊断时间为5至10年（AOR = 1.93，95%CI：1.11, 3.34）、合并症（AOR = 0.47，95%CI：0.3, 0.73）以及富裕的财富指数（AOR = 1.99，95%CI：1.22, 3.27）与良好的生活方式改变实践显著相关。
研究发现，该研究地区高血压患者中良好生活方式改变的实践水平较低。受访者的年龄、教育状况、财富指数、诊断时长和合并症是与良好生活方式改变实践相关的重要因素。因此，应更加重视提供营养咨询和健康促进，以改善高血压患者的生活方式改变实践。
