Belay Daniel Gashaneh, Fekadu Wolde Haileab, Molla Meseret Derbew, Aragie Hailu, Adugna Dagnew Getnet, Melese Endalkachew Belayneh, Tarekegn Gebrekidan Ewnetu, Gezahegn Eleleta, Kibret Anteneh Ayelign
Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Front Neurol. 2022 Aug 9;13:943595. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.943595. eCollection 2022.
Hypertension, often known as increased blood pressure, is a worldwide public health concern. Globally, ~1 billion people have hypertension and 7.1 million die from this disease. It is disproportionately more prevalent in resource-poor nations, with inadequate health systems like Ethiopia. Moreover, information on the burden of disease from hypertension in the specific area, especially in the newly organized Wolkait Tegedie zone, is essential to develop effective prevention and control strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension and associated factors among adult patients evaluated at the outpatient department of the two district hospitals in the Wolkait Tegedie zone, Northwest Ethiopia.
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September to October 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select a total of 449 participants. The data were collected and then entered using EPI-INFO version 7 and exported to STATA 14 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as a measure of association. Variables having a -value < 0.05 from the multivariable analysis were considered to have a significant association with the outcome.
The prevalence of hypertension among adult patients in this study was 44.91% [95% CI: 40.26%, 49.65%], of which 63.92% were new diagnoses. Being >60 years [AOR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.11, 3.20], having poor physical exercise [AOR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.01, 3.15], consuming cruddy oil [AOR = 15.22; 95% CI: 3.86, 60.12], having a family history of hypertension [AOR = 13.02; 95% CI: 3.75, 45.16], and having a history of diabetes mellitus (DM) [AOR = 8.05; 95% CI: 1.24, 51.49] had a statistically significant association with having hypertension.
There is a relatively high prevalence of hypertension among adult patients in the outpatient department of the two primary hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia. Factors such as being of older age, having poor physical exercise behavior, cruddy oil consumption, and family history of DM and hypertension had a positive significant statistical association with being hypertensive. Community-based screening programs for hypertension should be designed and implemented to prevent this silent killer disease. Health education and promotion that focus on healthy nutrition and physical exercise should be delivered.
高血压，通常被称为血压升高，是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。在全球范围内，约有10亿人患有高血压，710万人死于这种疾病。在资源匮乏的国家，如埃塞俄比亚，其卫生系统不完善，高血压的患病率更高。此外，了解特定地区，特别是新组建的沃尔卡伊特·特格迪耶地区高血压疾病负担的信息，对于制定有效的预防和控制策略至关重要。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚西北部沃尔卡伊特·特格迪耶地区两家区级医院门诊就诊的成年患者中高血压的患病率及相关因素。
于2021年9月至10月进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究。采用系统随机抽样技术共选取449名参与者。收集数据后，使用EPI-INFO 7版本录入数据，并导出到STATA 14进行分析。进行了双变量和多变量二元逻辑回归分析。以调整后的比值比（AOR）及其95%置信区间（CI）作为关联度的衡量指标。多变量分析中P值<0.05的变量被认为与结果有显著关联。
本研究中成年患者高血压患病率为44.91%[95%CI：40.26%，49.65%]，其中63.92%为新诊断病例。年龄>60岁[AOR = 1.81；95%CI：1.11，3.20]、体育锻炼不足[AOR = 1.74；95%CI：1.01，3.15]、食用粗制油[AOR = 15.22；95%CI：3.86，60.12]、有高血压家族史[AOR = 13.02；95%CI：3.75，45.16]以及有糖尿病（DM）病史[AOR = 8.05；95%CI：1.24，51.49]与患有高血压有统计学显著关联。
埃塞俄比亚西北部两家基层医院门诊成年患者中高血压患病率相对较高。年龄较大、体育锻炼行为不足、食用粗制油以及糖尿病和高血压家族史等因素与患高血压呈显著正相关。应设计并实施基于社区的高血压筛查项目，以预防这种无声杀手疾病。应开展注重健康营养和体育锻炼的健康教育与促进活动。
