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Evaluating and mitigating unfairness in multimodal remote mental health assessments.

作者信息

Jiang Zifan, Seyedi Salman, Griner Emily, Abbasi Ahmed, Rad Ali Bahrami, Kwon Hyeokhyen, Cotes Robert O, Clifford Gari D

机构信息

Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.

出版信息

PLOS Digit Health. 2024 Jul 24;3(7):e0000413. doi: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000413. eCollection 2024 Jul.


DOI:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000413
PMID:39046989
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11268595/
Abstract

Research on automated mental health assessment tools has been growing in recent years, often aiming to address the subjectivity and bias that existed in the current clinical practice of the psychiatric evaluation process. Despite the substantial health and economic ramifications, the potential unfairness of those automated tools was understudied and required more attention. In this work, we systematically evaluated the fairness level in a multimodal remote mental health dataset and an assessment system, where we compared the fairness level in race, gender, education level, and age. Demographic parity ratio (DPR) and equalized odds ratio (EOR) of classifiers using different modalities were compared, along with the F1 scores in different demographic groups. Post-training classifier threshold optimization was employed to mitigate the unfairness. No statistically significant unfairness was found in the composition of the dataset. Varying degrees of unfairness were identified among modalities, with no single modality consistently demonstrating better fairness across all demographic variables. Post-training mitigation effectively improved both DPR and EOR metrics at the expense of a decrease in F1 scores. Addressing and mitigating unfairness in these automated tools are essential steps in fostering trust among clinicians, gaining deeper insights into their use cases, and facilitating their appropriate utilization.

摘要
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c636/11268595/330943c92d4c/pdig.0000413.g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c636/11268595/89988e4cfaed/pdig.0000413.g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c636/11268595/d2fe12764ee8/pdig.0000413.g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c636/11268595/330943c92d4c/pdig.0000413.g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c636/11268595/89988e4cfaed/pdig.0000413.g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c636/11268595/d2fe12764ee8/pdig.0000413.g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c636/11268595/330943c92d4c/pdig.0000413.g003.jpg

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本文引用的文献

[1]
Fairness and bias correction in machine learning for depression prediction across four study populations.

Sci Rep. 2024-4-3

[2]
Multimodal Mental Health Digital Biomarker Analysis From Remote Interviews Using Facial, Vocal, Linguistic, and Cardiovascular Patterns.

IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. 2024-3

[3]
Revisiting the theoretical and methodological foundations of depression measurement.

Nat Rev Psychol. 2022-6

[4]
Disentangling Visual Exploration Differences in Cognitive Impairment.

IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2024-4

[5]
Using HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)-Compliant Transcription Services for Virtual Psychiatric Interviews: Pilot Comparison Study.

JMIR Ment Health. 2023-10-31

[6]
Algorithmic fairness in artificial intelligence for medicine and healthcare.

Nat Biomed Eng. 2023-6

[7]
Use of Telehealth to Address Depression and Anxiety in Low-income US Populations: A Narrative Review.

J Prim Care Community Health. 2023

[8]
Digital Phenotyping of Mental Health using multimodal sensing of multiple situations of interest: A Systematic Literature Review.

J Biomed Inform. 2023-2

[9]
Age, sex and race bias in automated arrhythmia detectors.

J Electrocardiol. 2022

[10]
Multimodal Assessment of Schizophrenia and Depression Utilizing Video, Acoustic, Locomotor, Electroencephalographic, and Heart Rate Technology: Protocol for an Observational Study.

JMIR Res Protoc. 2022-7-13

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