Paíga Paula, Correia-Sá Luísa, Correia Manuela, Figueiredo Sónia, Vieira Joana, Jorge Sandra, Silva Jaime Gabriel, Delerue-Matos Cristina
REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
Águas do Centro Litoral, SA, Grupo Águas de Portugal, ETA da Boavista, Avenida Dr. Luís Albuquerque, 3030-410 Coimbra, Portugal.
J Xenobiot. 2024 Jul 3;14(3):873-892. doi: 10.3390/jox14030048.
Pharmaceuticals in the environment are a global concern, with studies in all continents highlighting their widespread occurrence and potential ecological impacts, revealing their presence, fate, and associated risks in aquatic ecosystems. Despite typically occurring at low concentrations (ranging from ng/L to µg/L), advancements in analytical methods and more sensitive equipment have enabled the detection of a higher number of pharmaceuticals. In this study, surface and wastewater samples were extracted using solid phase extraction and analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Among the therapeutic classes investigated, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs/analgesics, antibiotics, and psychiatric drugs showed a higher number of detected pharmaceuticals. Concentrations ranged from below method detection limit (<MDL) to 3.20 µg/L (caffeine) and <MDL to 639 µg/L (hydroxyibuprofen) in 2018, and from <MDL to 0.848 µg/L (diclofenac) and <MDL to 53.0 µg/L (caffeine) in 2019 for river water and wastewater samples. Temporal analysis showed an increase in the sum of pharmaceutical concentrations over the study years, highlighting the importance of monitoring pharmaceuticals in the environment and their potential accumulation over time.
环境中的药物是一个全球关注的问题，各大洲的研究都强调了它们的广泛存在及其潜在的生态影响，揭示了它们在水生生态系统中的存在、归宿及相关风险。尽管其浓度通常较低（范围从纳克/升到微克/升），但分析方法和更灵敏设备的进步使得能够检测到更多种类的药物。在本研究中，采用固相萃取法提取地表水和废水样本，并使用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行分析。在所研究的治疗类别中，非甾体抗炎药/镇痛药、抗生素和精神药物检测出的种类较多。2018年，河水和废水样本中的浓度范围为低于方法检测限（<MDL）至3.20微克/升（咖啡因）以及<MDL至639微克/升（羟基布洛芬），2019年则为<MDL至0.848微克/升（双氯芬酸）以及<MDL至53.0微克/升（咖啡因）。时间分析表明，在研究期间药物浓度总和有所增加，凸显了监测环境中药物及其随时间潜在积累的重要性。
