Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India.
Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India.
Curr Pharm Des. 2024;30(34):2685-2700. doi: 10.2174/0113816128307653240710044902.
Skin cancer is a prevalent and sometimes lethal cancer that affects a wide range of people. UV radiation exposure is the main cause of skin cancer. Immunosuppression, environmental factors, and genetic predisposition are other contributing variables. Fair-skinned people and those with a history of sunburns or severe sun exposure are more likely to experience this condition. Melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are the three main forms. Melanoma poses a bigger hazard because of its tendency for metastasis, while SCC and BCC have limited metastatic potential. Genetic mutations and changes to signalling pathways such as p53 and MAPK are involved in pathogenesis. Early diagnosis is essential, and molecular testing, biopsy, dermoscopy, and visual inspection can all help. In addition to natural medicines like curcumin and green tea polyphenols, treatment options include immunotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation, surgery, and chemotherapy. Reducing the incidence of skin cancer requires preventive actions, including sun protection and early detection programs. An overview of skin cancers, including their forms, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment, highlighting herbal therapy, is given in this review.
皮肤癌是一种常见的、有时甚至致命的癌症，影响着广泛的人群。紫外线辐射暴露是皮肤癌的主要原因。免疫抑制、环境因素和遗传易感性是其他促成因素。皮肤白皙的人和有晒伤或严重阳光暴露史的人更容易出现这种情况。黑色素瘤、鳞状细胞癌（SCC）和基底细胞癌（BCC）是三种主要形式。黑色素瘤由于其转移倾向而构成更大的危险，而 SCC 和 BCC 的转移潜力有限。发病机制涉及基因突变和信号通路（如 p53 和 MAPK）的改变。早期诊断至关重要，分子检测、活检、皮肤镜检查和目视检查都可以提供帮助。除了姜黄素和绿茶多酚等天然药物外，治疗选择还包括免疫疗法、靶向治疗、放射治疗、手术和化疗。预防措施，包括防晒和早期发现计划，可降低皮肤癌的发病率。本综述概述了皮肤癌，包括其形式、病理生理学、诊断和治疗，重点介绍了草药疗法。
