Agnihotri Rupali, Gaur Sumit, Bhat Subraya Giliyar
Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India.
J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2024 Jun 27;14(3):180-191. doi: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_3_24. eCollection 2024 May-Jun.
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder, exhibits a bidirectional relationship with periodontitis (PD), and recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) were associated with their progression. This review aims to assess the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of DM-associated PD and their plausible application as a biomarker for PD in individuals with DM.
The search conducted until September 2023 on Medline (Pubmed), Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science using the keywords "microRNA," "miRNA," or "miR," combined with "Diabetes" and "PD" yielded 100 articles. Only research focusing on the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of DM-associated PD and their potential application as biomarkers for both conditions were included. Finally, 14 studies were assessed for any bias, and the collected data included study design, sample size, participant groups, age, sample obtained, PD severity, miRNAs examined, clinical and biochemical parameters related to DM and PD, and primary outcomes.
studies indicated altered expression of miRNAs-146a, -146b, -155, -200b, -203, and -223, specifically in the comorbid subjects with both conditions. Animal, , and studies demonstrated altered expression of miRNAs-126, -147, -31, -25-3p, -508-3p, -214, 124-3p, -221, -222, and the SIRT6-miR-216/217 axis. These miRNAs impact innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and insulin sensitivity, thereby promoting periodontal destruction in DM. miRNA-146a emerges as a reliable biomarker of PD in DM, whereas miRNA-155 is a consistent predictor of PD in subjects without DM.
miRNAs exert influence on immuno-inflammation in DM-associated PD. Although they can be biomarkers of PD and DM, their clinical utility is hindered by the absence of standardized tests to evaluate their sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, there has been limited exploration of the role of miRNAs in DM-associated PD through human studies. Future clinical trials are warranted to address this gap, focusing on standardizing sample collection, miRNA sources, and detection methods. This approach will enable the identification of specific miRNAs for DM-associated PD.
糖尿病（DM）是一种代谢紊乱疾病，与牙周炎（PD）存在双向关系，近年来，微小RNA（miRNA）与它们的进展相关。本综述旨在评估miRNA在糖尿病相关性牙周炎发病机制中的作用及其作为糖尿病患者牙周炎生物标志物的潜在应用。
截至2023年9月，在Medline（PubMed）、Scopus、Embase和Web of Science上使用关键词“microRNA”“miRNA”或“miR”，并结合“糖尿病”和“牙周炎”进行检索，共获得100篇文章。仅纳入关注miRNA在糖尿病相关性牙周炎发病机制中的作用及其作为两种疾病生物标志物潜在应用的研究。最后，对14项研究进行偏倚评估，收集的数据包括研究设计、样本量、参与者分组、年龄、获取的样本、牙周炎严重程度、检测的miRNA、与糖尿病和牙周炎相关的临床及生化参数以及主要结局。
研究表明miRNA - 146a、- 146b、- 155、- 200b、- 203和- 223的表达发生改变，特别是在两种疾病并存的受试者中。动物、细胞和组织研究证明miRNA - 126、- 147、- 31、- 25 - 3p、- 508 - 3p、- 214、124 - 3p、- 221、- 222以及SIRT6 - miR - 216/217轴的表达改变。这些miRNA影响固有免疫和适应性免疫机制、氧化应激、高血糖和胰岛素敏感性，从而促进糖尿病患者的牙周破坏。miRNA - 146a是糖尿病患者牙周炎的可靠生物标志物，而miRNA - 155是无糖尿病受试者牙周炎的一致预测指标。
miRNA对糖尿病相关性牙周炎的免疫炎症产生影响。尽管它们可作为牙周炎和糖尿病的生物标志物，但其临床应用因缺乏评估其敏感性和特异性的标准化检测而受到阻碍。此外，通过人体研究对miRNA在糖尿病相关性牙周炎中作用的探索有限。未来有必要开展临床试验以填补这一空白，重点是标准化样本采集、miRNA来源和检测方法。这种方法将有助于识别糖尿病相关性牙周炎的特定miRNA。
