Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, 143025 Moscow, Russia.
Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia.
Biosensors (Basel). 2024 Jul 20;14(7):353. doi: 10.3390/bios14070353.
The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased tremendously in recent decades, which can be attributed to growing exposure to environmental triggers, changes in dietary habits, comorbidity, and the increased use of medications. In this context, the multiplexed diagnosis of sensitization to various allergens and the monitoring of the effectiveness of treatments for allergic diseases become particularly urgent issues. The detection of allergen-specific antibodies, in particular, sIgE and sIgG, is a modern alternative to skin tests due to the safety and efficiency of this method. The use of allergen microarrays to detect tens to hundreds of allergen-specific antibodies in less than 0.1 mL of blood serum enables the transition to a deeply personalized approach in the diagnosis of these diseases while reducing the invasiveness and increasing the informativeness of analysis. This review discusses the technological approaches underlying the development of allergen microarrays and other protein microarrays, including the methods of selection of the microarray substrates and matrices for protein molecule immobilization, the obtainment of allergens, and the use of different types of optical labels for increasing the sensitivity and specificity of the detection of allergen-specific antibodies.
近年来，过敏性疾病的患病率大幅增加，这可归因于人们接触环境诱因的增加、饮食习惯的改变、合并症的出现以及药物使用的增加。在这种情况下，对各种过敏原致敏的多重诊断以及对过敏性疾病治疗效果的监测成为尤为紧迫的问题。由于该方法的安全性和效率，过敏原特异性抗体（特别是 sIgE 和 sIgG）的检测成为皮肤测试的现代替代方法。过敏原微阵列检测可在不到 0.1 毫升的血清中检测数十到数百种过敏原特异性抗体，从而能够在诊断这些疾病时实现深度个性化，同时减少侵入性并提高分析的信息量。本文综述了过敏原微阵列和其他蛋白质微阵列发展的技术方法，包括微阵列底物和蛋白质分子固定基质的选择方法、过敏原的获取以及不同类型光学标记的使用，以提高过敏原特异性抗体检测的灵敏度和特异性。
