Sokolov Pavel, Samokhvalov Pavel, Sukhanova Alyona, Nabiev Igor
Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Skolkovo, 143025 Moscow, Russia.
Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115522 Moscow, Russia.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2023 May 26;13(11):1748. doi: 10.3390/nano13111748.
Fluorescent hydrogels are promising candidate materials for portable biosensors to be used in point-of-care diagnosis because (1) they have a greater capacity for binding organic molecules than immunochromatographic test systems, determined by the immobilization of affinity labels within the three-dimensional hydrogel structure; (2) fluorescent detection is more sensitive than the colorimetric detection of gold nanoparticles or stained latex microparticles; (3) the properties of the gel matrix can be finely tuned for better compatibility and detection of different analytes; and (4) hydrogel biosensors can be made to be reusable and suitable for studying dynamic processes in real time. Water-soluble fluorescent nanocrystals are widely used for in vitro and in vivo biological imaging due to their unique optical properties, and hydrogels based on these allow the preservation of these properties in bulk composite macrostructures. Here we review the techniques for obtaining analyte-sensitive fluorescent hydrogels based on nanocrystals, the main methods used for detecting the fluorescent signal changes, and the approaches to the formation of inorganic fluorescent hydrogels via sol-gel phase transition using surface ligands of the nanocrystals.
荧光水凝胶是用于即时诊断的便携式生物传感器的有前途的候选材料，因为：（1）通过在三维水凝胶结构中固定亲和标记物，它们比免疫色谱检测系统具有更大的结合有机分子的能力；（2）荧光检测比金纳米颗粒或染色乳胶微球的比色检测更灵敏；（3）凝胶基质的性质可以进行精细调节，以实现更好的兼容性和对不同分析物的检测；（4）水凝胶生物传感器可以制成可重复使用的，并适合实时研究动态过程。水溶性荧光纳米晶体由于其独特的光学性质而被广泛用于体外和体内生物成像，基于这些纳米晶体的水凝胶能够在块状复合宏观结构中保留这些性质。在这里，我们综述了基于纳米晶体获得对分析物敏感的荧光水凝胶的技术、用于检测荧光信号变化的主要方法，以及通过使用纳米晶体的表面配体经由溶胶-凝胶相变形成无机荧光水凝胶的方法。
