Khalifa Hazim O, Oreiby Atef, Abdelhamid Mohamed A A, Ki Mi-Ran, Pack Seung Pil
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
Biomimetics (Basel). 2024 Jul 12;9(7):425. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics9070425.
In light of rising public health threats like antifungal and antimicrobial resistance, alongside the slowdown in new antimicrobial development, biomimetics have shown promise as therapeutic agents. Multidrug-resistant fungi pose significant challenges as they quickly develop resistance, making traditional antifungals less effective. Developing new antifungals is also complicated by the need to target eukaryotic cells without harming the host. This review examines biomimetic antifungal materials that mimic natural biological mechanisms for targeted and efficient action. It covers a range of agents, including antifungal peptides, alginate-based antifungals, chitosan derivatives, nanoparticles, plant-derived polyphenols, and probiotic bacteria. These agents work through mechanisms such as disrupting cell membranes, generating reactive oxygen species, and inhibiting essential fungal processes. Despite their potential, challenges remain in terms of ensuring biocompatibility, optimizing delivery, and overcoming potential resistance. Production scalability and economic viability are also concerns. Future research should enhance the stability and efficacy of these materials, integrate multifunctional approaches, and develop sophisticated delivery systems. Interdisciplinary efforts are needed to understand interactions between these materials, fungal cells, and the host environment. Long-term health and environmental impacts, fungal resistance mechanisms, and standardized testing protocols require further study. In conclusion, while biomimetic antifungal materials represent a revolutionary approach to combating multidrug-resistant fungi, extensive research and development are needed to fully realize their potential.
鉴于抗真菌和抗菌耐药性等公共卫生威胁不断增加，以及新型抗菌药物研发的放缓，仿生学已显示出作为治疗剂的潜力。多重耐药真菌带来了重大挑战，因为它们迅速产生耐药性，使传统抗真菌药物的效果降低。开发新型抗真菌药物还因需要靶向真核细胞而不伤害宿主而变得复杂。本综述研究了模仿自然生物机制以实现靶向和高效作用的仿生抗真菌材料。它涵盖了一系列制剂，包括抗真菌肽、藻酸盐基抗真菌剂、壳聚糖衍生物、纳米颗粒、植物源多酚和益生菌。这些制剂通过破坏细胞膜、产生活性氧和抑制真菌基本过程等机制发挥作用。尽管它们具有潜力，但在确保生物相容性、优化递送和克服潜在耐药性方面仍存在挑战。生产可扩展性和经济可行性也是问题。未来的研究应提高这些材料的稳定性和功效，整合多功能方法，并开发复杂的递送系统。需要跨学科努力来了解这些材料、真菌细胞和宿主环境之间的相互作用。长期健康和环境影响、真菌耐药机制以及标准化测试方案需要进一步研究。总之，虽然仿生抗真菌材料代表了对抗多重耐药真菌的一种革命性方法，但需要进行广泛的研发才能充分实现其潜力。
