Zuščíková Lucia, Bažány Denis, Greifová Hana, Knížatová Nikola, Kováčik Anton, Lukáč Norbert, Jambor Tomáš
Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia.
Toxics. 2023 Jul 8;11(7):598. doi: 10.3390/toxics11070598.
Recently, neonicotinoids have become the fastest-growing class of insecticides in conventional crop protection, with extensive usage against a wide range of sucking and chewing pests. Neonicotinoids are widely used due to their high toxicity to invertebrates, simplicity, flexibility with which they may be applied, and lengthy persistence, and their systemic nature ensures that they spread to all sections of the target crop. However, these properties raise the risk of environmental contaminations and potential toxicity to non-target organisms. Acetamiprid is a new generation insecticide, which is a safer alternative for controlling insect pests because of its low toxicity to honeybees. Acetamiprid is intended to target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in insects, but its widespread usage has resulted in negative impacts on non-target animals such as mammals. This review summarizes in vivo and in vitro animal studies that investigated the toxicity of specific neonicotinoids. With summarized data, it can be presumed that certain concentrations of neonicotinoids in the reproductive system cause oxidative stress in the testis; spermatogenesis disruption; spermatozoa degradation; interruptions to endocrine function and Sertoli and Leydig cell function. In the female reproductive system, acetamiprid evokes pathomorphological alterations in follicles, along with metabolic changes in the ovaries.
近年来，新烟碱类杀虫剂已成为传统作物保护领域中增长最快的一类杀虫剂，被广泛用于防治各种刺吸式和咀嚼式害虫。新烟碱类杀虫剂因其对无脊椎动物毒性高、使用方法简单灵活、持效期长而被广泛使用，且其内吸性确保了它们能传播到目标作物的各个部位。然而，这些特性增加了环境污染风险以及对非靶标生物的潜在毒性。啶虫脒是一种新一代杀虫剂，因其对蜜蜂毒性低，是控制害虫的一种更安全的替代品。啶虫脒旨在作用于昆虫体内的烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体，但其广泛使用已对哺乳动物等非靶标动物产生了负面影响。本综述总结了研究特定新烟碱类杀虫剂毒性的体内和体外动物研究。根据汇总的数据，可以推测生殖系统中一定浓度的新烟碱类杀虫剂会导致睾丸氧化应激；精子发生破坏；精子降解；内分泌功能以及支持细胞和间质细胞功能中断。在雌性生殖系统中，啶虫脒会引起卵泡的病理形态学改变以及卵巢的代谢变化。
