Peng Dongxin, Sun Sujing, Zhao Man, Zhan Linsheng, Wang Xiaohui
Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
J Funct Biomater. 2024 Jul 8;15(7):188. doi: 10.3390/jfb15070188.
Nanomaterials have been extensively used in the biomedical field due to their unique physical and chemical properties. They promise wide applications in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases. Nanodrugs are generally transported to target tissues or organs by coupling targeting molecules or enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR) passively. As intravenous injection is the most common means of administration of nanomedicine, the transport process inevitably involves the interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) and blood cells. Platelets are known to not only play a critical role in normal coagulation by performing adhesion, aggregation, release, and contraction functions, but also be associated with pathological thrombosis, tumor metastasis, inflammation, and immune reactions, making it necessary to investigate the effects of NPs on platelet function during transport, particularly the way in which their physical and chemical properties determine their interaction with platelets and the underlying mechanisms by which they activate and induce platelet aggregation. However, such data are lacking. This review is intended to summarize the effects of NPs on platelet activation, aggregation, release, and apoptosis, as well as their effects on membrane proteins and morphology in order to shed light on such key issues as how to reduce their adverse reactions in the blood system, which should be taken into consideration in NP engineering.
由于其独特的物理和化学性质，纳米材料已在生物医学领域得到广泛应用。它们有望在疾病的诊断、预防和治疗中得到广泛应用。纳米药物通常通过偶联靶向分子或被动增强渗透与滞留效应（EPR）转运至靶组织或器官。由于静脉注射是纳米药物最常见的给药方式，转运过程不可避免地涉及纳米颗粒（NPs）与血细胞之间的相互作用。已知血小板不仅通过执行黏附、聚集、释放和收缩功能在正常凝血中起关键作用，还与病理性血栓形成、肿瘤转移、炎症和免疫反应有关，因此有必要研究NPs在转运过程中对血小板功能的影响，特别是其物理和化学性质决定其与血小板相互作用的方式以及激活和诱导血小板聚集的潜在机制。然而，目前缺乏此类数据。本综述旨在总结NPs对血小板激活、聚集、释放和凋亡的影响，以及它们对膜蛋白和形态的影响，以便阐明如何减少其在血液系统中的不良反应等关键问题，这在NP工程中应予以考虑。
