Tang Jintian, Zhang Leilei, Su Jinghan, Ye Qingwen, Li Yukang, Liu Dinghang, Cui Haifeng, Zhang Yafen, Ye Zihong
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
J Fungi (Basel). 2024 Jun 21;10(7):441. doi: 10.3390/jof10070441.
The primary functions of mitochondria are to produce energy and participate in the apoptosis of cells, with them being highly conserved among eukaryotes. However, the composition of mitochondrial genomes, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication, and mitochondrial inheritance varies significantly among animals, plants, and fungi. Especially in fungi, there exists a rich diversity of mitochondrial genomes, as well as various replication and inheritance mechanisms. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of fungal mitochondria is crucial for unraveling the evolutionary history of mitochondria in eukaryotes. In this review, we have organized existing reports to systematically describe and summarize the composition of yeast-like fungal mitochondrial genomes from three perspectives: mitochondrial genome structure, encoded genes, and mobile elements. We have also provided a systematic overview of the mechanisms in mtDNA replication and mitochondrial inheritance during bisexual mating. Additionally, we have discussed and proposed open questions that require further investigation for clarification.
线粒体的主要功能是产生能量并参与细胞凋亡，其在真核生物中高度保守。然而，线粒体基因组的组成、线粒体DNA（mtDNA）复制以及线粒体遗传在动物、植物和真菌之间存在显著差异。特别是在真菌中，线粒体基因组存在丰富的多样性，以及各种复制和遗传机制。因此，全面了解真菌线粒体对于揭示真核生物中线粒体的进化历史至关重要。在本综述中，我们整理了现有报告，从线粒体基因组结构、编码基因和移动元件三个角度系统地描述和总结了类酵母真菌线粒体基因组的组成。我们还对两性交配过程中mtDNA复制和线粒体遗传的机制进行了系统概述。此外，我们讨论并提出了需要进一步研究以澄清的开放性问题。
