Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Nature-Based Therapies, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, 14109 Berlin, Germany; Charité Competence Center for Traditional and Integrative Medicine (CCCTIM), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
Cell Metab. 2024 Aug 6;36(8):1779-1794.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.06.013. Epub 2024 Jul 25.
Although fasting is increasingly applied for disease prevention and treatment, consensus on terminology is lacking. Using Delphi methodology, an international, multidisciplinary panel of researchers and clinicians standardized definitions of various fasting approaches in humans. Five online surveys and a live online conference were conducted with 38 experts, 25 of whom completed all 5 surveys. Consensus was achieved for the following terms: "fasting" (voluntary abstinence from some or all foods or foods and beverages), "modified fasting" (restriction of energy intake to max. 25% of energy needs), "fluid-only fasting," "alternate-day fasting," "short-term fasting" (lasting 2-3 days), "prolonged fasting" (≥4 consecutive days), and "religious fasting." "Intermittent fasting" (repetitive fasting periods lasting ≤48 h), "time-restricted eating," and "fasting-mimicking diet" were discussed most. This study provides expert recommendations on fasting terminology for future research and clinical applications, facilitating communication and cross-referencing in the field.
尽管禁食在疾病预防和治疗中的应用日益增多,但在术语方面尚未达成共识。本研究采用德尔菲法,召集国际多学科研究人员和临床医生小组,对人类的各种禁食方法进行标准化定义。通过 5 次在线调查和 1 次在线直播会议,对 38 名专家进行了调查,其中 25 名专家完成了所有 5 次调查。以下术语达成了共识:“禁食”(自愿禁食某些或所有食物或食物和饮料)、“改良禁食”(将能量摄入限制在能量需求的 25%以内)、“仅液体禁食”、“隔日禁食”、“短期禁食”(持续 2-3 天)、“长期禁食”(≥4 天)和“宗教禁食”。“间歇性禁食”(重复禁食时间≤48 小时)、“限时进食”和“禁食模拟饮食”讨论最多。本研究为未来的研究和临床应用提供了禁食术语的专家建议,促进了该领域的交流和相互参照。
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