Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2024 Oct;223:53-68. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.07.026. Epub 2024 Jul 24.
Skeletal muscle plasticity enables an enormous potential to adapt to various internal and external stimuli and perturbations. Most notably, changes in contractile activity evoke a massive remodeling of biochemical, metabolic and force-generating properties. In recent years, a large number of signals, sensors, regulators and effectors have been implicated in these adaptive processes. Nevertheless, our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of training adaptation remains rudimentary. Specifically, the mechanisms that underlie signal integration, output coordination, functional redundancy and other complex traits of muscle adaptation are unknown. In fact, it is even unclear how stimulus-dependent specification is brought about in endurance or resistance exercise. In this review, we will provide an overview on the events that describe the acute perturbations in single endurance and resistance exercise bouts. Furthermore, we will provide insights into the molecular principles of long-term training adaptation. Finally, current gaps in knowledge will be identified, and strategies for a multi-omic and -cellular analyses of the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle plasticity that are engaged in individual, acute exercise bouts and chronic training adaptation discussed.
骨骼肌的可塑性使其具有适应各种内部和外部刺激和干扰的巨大潜力。最值得注意的是，收缩活动的变化会引起生化、代谢和产生力的特性的大规模重塑。近年来，大量的信号、传感器、调节剂和效应物被牵涉到这些适应过程中。然而，我们对训练适应的分子基础的理解仍然很基础。具体来说，信号整合、输出协调、功能冗余和肌肉适应的其他复杂特征的机制尚不清楚。事实上，即使在耐力或抗阻运动中，刺激依赖性的特定性是如何产生的也不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们将概述描述单次耐力和抗阻运动急性干扰的事件。此外，我们还将深入了解长期训练适应的分子原理。最后，确定当前知识空白，并讨论对参与个体急性运动和慢性训练适应的骨骼肌可塑性的分子机制进行多组学和细胞分析的策略。
