Federation University Australia, Mt Helen Campus, Ballarat, Australia.
JeevaRaksha Trust, Bangalore, India.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2024 Jul 25;24(1):843. doi: 10.1186/s12913-024-11116-7.
Medical emergencies are the leading cause of high mortality and morbidity rates in rural areas of higher and lower-income countries than in urban areas. Medical emergency readiness is healthcare providers' knowledge, skills, and confidence to meet patients' emergency needs. Rural healthcare professionals' medical emergency readiness is imperative to prevent or reduce casualties due to medical emergencies. Evidence shows that rural healthcare providers' emergency readiness needs enhancement. Education and training are the effective ways to improve them. However, there has yet to be a scoping review to understand the efficacy of educational intervention regarding rural healthcare providers' medical emergency readiness.
This scoping review aimed to identify and understand the effectiveness of educational interventions in improving rural healthcare providers' medical emergency readiness globally.
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews were used to select the papers for this scoping review. This scoping review was conducted using MEDLINE, CINHAL, SCOPUS, PUBMED and OVID databases. The Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome [PICO] strategies were used to select the papers from the database. The selected papers were limited to English, peer-reviewed journals and published from 2013 to 2023. A total of 536 studies were retrieved, and ten studies that met the selection criteria were included in the review. Three reviewers appraised the selected papers individually using the Joanna Briggs Institute [JBI] critical appraisal tool. A descriptive method was used to analyse the data.
From the identified 536 papers, the ten papers which met the PICO strategies were selected for the scoping review. Results show that rural healthcare providers' emergency readiness remains the same globally. All interventions were effective in enhancing rural health care providers' medical emergency readiness, though the interventions were implemented at various durations of time and in different foci of medical emergencies. Results showed that the low-fidelity simulated manikins were the most cost-effective intervention to train rural healthcare professionals globally.
The review concluded that rural healthcare providers' medical emergency readiness improved after the interventions. However, the limitations associated with the studies caution readers to read the results sensibly. Moreover, future research should focus on understanding the interventions' behavioural outcomes, especially among rural healthcare providers in low to middle-income countries.
在高收入和低收入国家的农村地区，医疗紧急情况是导致高死亡率和发病率的主要原因，高于城市地区。医疗应急准备是医疗保健提供者满足患者紧急需求的知识、技能和信心。提高农村医疗保健专业人员的医疗应急准备水平对于预防或减少因医疗紧急情况造成的伤亡至关重要。有证据表明，农村医疗保健提供者的应急准备能力需要提高。教育和培训是提高这方面能力的有效途径。然而，目前还没有系统评价来了解教育干预对农村医疗保健提供者医疗应急准备能力的影响。
本系统评价旨在确定和了解全球范围内教育干预措施在提高农村医疗保健提供者医疗应急准备能力方面的效果。
本系统评价使用 PRISMA 扩展的系统评价和荟萃分析来选择论文。本系统评价使用 MEDLINE、CINHAL、SCOPUS、PUBMED 和 OVID 数据库进行。使用人群、干预、比较和结果（PICO）策略从数据库中选择论文。选择的论文限于英文同行评议期刊，并于 2013 年至 2023 年期间发表。共检索到 536 项研究，其中符合选择标准的 10 项研究纳入本综述。三名评审员单独使用 Joanna Briggs 研究所（JBI）的批判性评估工具评估所选论文。使用描述性方法对数据进行分析。
从确定的 536 篇论文中，选择了符合 PICO 策略的 10 篇论文进行系统评价。结果表明，全球农村医疗保健提供者的应急准备水平仍然相同。所有干预措施都有效提高了农村卫生保健提供者的医疗应急准备水平，尽管干预措施的实施时间和医疗紧急情况的重点各不相同。结果表明，低保真模拟人是培训全球农村医疗专业人员最具成本效益的干预措施。
该评价得出的结论是，干预后农村医疗保健提供者的医疗应急准备能力有所提高。然而，研究中的局限性提醒读者要明智地解读结果。此外，未来的研究应侧重于了解干预措施的行为结果，特别是在中低收入国家的农村医疗保健提供者中。
