Kakavas Dimitrios, Panagiotidis Konstantinos, Rochfort Keith D, Grintzalis Konstantinos
School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 Y5NO Dublin, Ireland.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Jul 12;14(14):2046. doi: 10.3390/ani14142046.
The rapid progress of the modern world has resulted in new materials and products created at an accelerating pace. As such, nanoparticles have widespread applications and often find their way into the aquatic ecosystem. In the case of freshwater ecosystems, one of the commonly used bioindicators species used for pollution assessment is . The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and other organizations such as the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), have set guidelines for acute toxicity testing in daphnids that are severely lacking in terms of information on the characteristics of the exposure vessel when studying the adverse effects of nanoparticles (NPs). Understanding the toxicity mechanisms of nanomaterials is imperative given the scarcity of information on their adverse effects. Furthermore, miniaturization of nanotoxicity assays can reduce the number of daphnids used, as well as the cost and nanomaterial waste, and provide results even at the individual animal level with enhanced reproducibility of testing. In this study, the impact of the exposure vessel on the observed physiological changes of daphnids was investigated for a silver nano ink. Exposures in eleven commercially available vessels; nine made of plastic and two made of glass were compared for 24 h. The effect of surface to volume ratio of the exposure vessel and the animal number or "crowding" during exposure was investigated in the context of miniaturizing biomarker assays as alternatives to traditional experimental setups in . Toxicity curves showed differences depending on the vessel used, while a novel feeding rate assay and the activity of key enzymes were assessed as physiology endpoints.
现代世界的快速发展导致新材料和新产品的创造速度不断加快。因此，纳米颗粒具有广泛的应用，并常常进入水生生态系统。就淡水生态系统而言，用于污染评估的常用生物指示物种之一是 。经济合作与发展组织（OECD）以及其他组织，如欧洲化学品管理局（ECHA）和环境保护局（EPA），已经制定了关于水蚤急性毒性测试的指南，但在研究纳米颗粒（NPs）的不利影响时，这些指南在暴露容器特性信息方面严重不足。鉴于关于纳米材料不利影响的信息匮乏，了解其毒性机制势在必行。此外，纳米毒性检测的小型化可以减少水蚤的使用数量，以及成本和纳米材料浪费，甚至可以在个体动物水平上提供结果，同时提高测试的可重复性。在本研究中，针对一种银纳米墨水，研究了暴露容器对水蚤观察到的生理变化的影响。比较了在11种市售容器中的暴露情况；其中9种由塑料制成，2种由玻璃制成，暴露时间为24小时。在将生物标志物检测小型化作为 中传统实验设置的替代方法的背景下，研究了暴露容器的表面积与体积比以及暴露期间动物数量或“拥挤程度”的影响。毒性曲线显示出因所用容器而异的差异，同时一种新型摄食率检测方法和关键酶的活性被评估为生理终点。
