Ingegneri Mariarosaria, Braghini Maria Rita, Piccione Michela, De Stefanis Cristiano, Mandrone Manuela, Chiocchio Ilaria, Poli Ferruccio, Imbesi Martina, Alisi Anna, Smeriglio Antonella, Trombetta Domenico
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
Research Unit of Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00165 Rome, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Jul 19;13(7):869. doi: 10.3390/antiox13070869.
This study aims to recover the main by-product of fruits processing, the raw pomace, known also as , to produce plant complexes to be used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Food-grade extracts from orange (OE) and lemon (LE) pomace were obtained by ultrasound-assisted maceration. After a preliminary phytochemical and biological screening by in vitro assays, primary and secondary metabolites were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) and liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI-MS) analyses. The intestinal bioaccessibility and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties were investigated by in vitro simulated gastro-intestinal digestion followed by treatments on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2). The tight junctions-associated structural proteins (ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin), transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), reactive oxygen species (ROS)-levels, expression of some key antioxidant (, and ) and inflammatory (, , , ) genes, and pNFkB p65 nuclear translocation, were evaluated. The OE and LE digesta, which did not show any significant difference in terms of phytochemical profile, showed significant effects in protecting against the LPS-induced intestinal barrier damage, oxidative stress and inflammatory response. In conclusion, both OE and LE emerged as potential candidates for further preclinical studies on in vivo IBD models.
本研究旨在回收水果加工的主要副产品——粗果渣（也称为……），以生产用于治疗炎症性肠病（IBD）的植物复合物。通过超声辅助浸渍法获得了来自橙子（OE）和柠檬（LE）果渣的食品级提取物。通过体外试验进行初步的植物化学和生物学筛选后，通过质子核磁共振（H-NMR）以及液相色谱-二极管阵列检测-电喷雾电离质谱联用（LC-DAD-ESI-MS）分析对初级和次级代谢产物进行了表征。通过体外模拟胃肠消化，随后对脂多糖（LPS）刺激的人结肠腺癌癌细胞系（Caco-2）进行处理，研究了肠道生物可及性以及抗氧化和抗炎特性。评估了紧密连接相关结构蛋白（ZO-1、Claudin-1和Occludin）、跨上皮电阻（TEER）、活性氧（ROS）水平、一些关键抗氧化基因（……、……和……）和炎症基因（……、……、……和……）的表达以及pNFkB p65核转位情况。OE和LE消化物在植物化学特征方面未显示出任何显著差异，但在保护免受LPS诱导的肠道屏障损伤、氧化应激和炎症反应方面显示出显著效果。总之，OE和LE均成为进一步在体内IBD模型上进行临床前研究的潜在候选物。
