Zhang Ziying, Elvis Nguepi Tsafack, Wang Jiawei, Hou Gonglin
School of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
School of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2024 Jul 15;14(7):601. doi: 10.3390/bs14070601.
Cooperation is essential for the survival of human society. Understanding the nature of cooperation and its underlying mechanisms is crucial for studying human behavior. This paper investigates the impact of leadership on public cooperation by employing repeated sequential public goods games, as well as by examining whether leading by example (through rewards and punishments) can promote cooperation and organizational success. The leaders were assigned randomly and were given the authority to reward or punish. As a result, (1) the leaders showed a strong tendency toward reciprocity by punishing free riders and rewarding cooperators at their own expense, which enhanced the intrinsic motivation for others to follow their example; and (2) both rewards and punishments were effective in promoting cooperation, but punishment was more effective in sustaining a high level of collaboration. Additionally, leaders preferred using rewards and were more reluctant to use punishments. These findings are crucial for creating organizational structures that foster cooperation.
合作对于人类社会的生存至关重要。理解合作的本质及其潜在机制对于研究人类行为至关重要。本文通过采用重复顺序公共物品博弈，以及考察以身作则（通过奖励和惩罚）是否能促进合作和组织成功，来研究领导力对公共合作的影响。领导者是随机分配的，并被赋予奖励或惩罚的权力。结果表明：（1）领导者通过惩罚搭便车者并自掏腰包奖励合作者，表现出强烈的互惠倾向，这增强了他人效仿的内在动力；（2）奖励和惩罚在促进合作方面都有效，但惩罚在维持高水平合作方面更有效。此外，领导者更喜欢使用奖励，更不愿意使用惩罚。这些发现对于创建促进合作的组织结构至关重要。
