LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jul 9;25(14):7533. doi: 10.3390/ijms25147533.
Breast cancer (BC) stands out as the most commonly type of cancer diagnosed in women worldwide, and chemotherapy, a key component of treatment, exacerbates cancer-induced skeletal muscle wasting, contributing to adverse health outcomes. Notably, the impact of chemotherapy on skeletal muscle seems to surpass that of the cancer itself, with inflammation identified as a common trigger for muscle wasting in both contexts. In skeletal muscle, pro-inflammatory cytokines modulate pathways crucial for the delicate balance between protein synthesis and breakdown, as well as satellite cell activation and myonuclear accretion. Physical exercise consistently emerges as a crucial therapeutic strategy to counteract cancer and chemotherapy-induced muscle wasting, ultimately enhancing patients' quality of life. However, a "one size fits all" approach does not apply to the prescription of exercise for BC patients, with factors such as age, menopause and comorbidities influencing the response to exercise. Hence, tailored exercise regimens, considering factors such as duration, frequency, intensity, and type, are essential to maximize efficacy in mitigating muscle wasting and improving disease outcomes. Despite the well-established anti-inflammatory role of aerobic exercise, resistance exercise proves equally or more beneficial in terms of mass and strength gain, as well as enhancing quality of life. This review comprehensively explores the molecular pathways affected by distinct exercise regimens in the skeletal muscle of cancer patients during chemotherapy, providing critical insights for precise exercise implementation to prevent skeletal muscle wasting.
乳腺癌（BC）是全球女性最常见的癌症类型，化疗作为治疗的重要组成部分，会加剧癌症引起的骨骼肌消耗，导致不良的健康后果。值得注意的是，化疗对骨骼肌的影响似乎超过了癌症本身，炎症被认为是肌肉消耗的共同触发因素，无论是在癌症还是化疗的情况下。在骨骼肌中，促炎细胞因子调节着蛋白质合成和分解、卫星细胞激活和肌核积累之间微妙平衡的关键途径。体育锻炼一直是对抗癌症和化疗引起的肌肉消耗的重要治疗策略，最终提高了患者的生活质量。然而，对于 BC 患者来说，“一刀切”的运动方案并不适用，年龄、绝经和合并症等因素会影响对运动的反应。因此，考虑到运动的持续时间、频率、强度和类型等因素，制定个性化的运动方案对于最大限度地减轻肌肉消耗和改善疾病结局至关重要。尽管有氧运动具有明确的抗炎作用，但抗阻运动在增加肌肉质量和力量以及提高生活质量方面同样有效，甚至更有效。本综述全面探讨了在化疗期间，不同运动方案对癌症患者骨骼肌中分子途径的影响，为精确实施运动以预防骨骼肌消耗提供了关键见解。
