Howard C F
Metabolism. 1985 Dec;34(12 Suppl 1):60-6. doi: 10.1016/s0026-0495(85)80011-1.
The most commonly available primate models of diabetes mellitus are of the insulin-dependent type and are attained through beta cell ablation techniques. Noninsulin-dependent primate models are less common since the animals must have a genetic predisposition to diabetes. Few studies have been conducted on lipid or vascular abnormalities associated with diabetes in primates. Diabetes develops spontaneously in Macaca nigra as the result of a lesion in the islets of Langerhans. As secretory cells are gradually lost, mild to moderate hyperglycemia, impaired glucose clearance, acute insulin release, hyperglucagonemia, and chronic hypoinsulinemia develop. Overtly diabetic monkeys require insulin therapy and thus alternate between hypoinsulinemia and hyperinsulinemia. The development of aortic atherosclerosis correlates positively with the severity of metabolic impairment. Lipid deposition is primarily extracellular and there is a paucity of foam cells. The very low density and intermediate-density lipoprotein fractions increase significantly, the low-density lipoprotein fraction increases slightly, and the high-density lipoprotein fractions remain essentially unchanged. Because these monkeys are maintained on a nonatherogenic chow ration, the effects of diabetes, per se, on vascular sclerosis can be evaluated.
最常见的糖尿病灵长类动物模型是胰岛素依赖型的，通过β细胞消融技术获得。非胰岛素依赖型灵长类动物模型较少见，因为动物必须有糖尿病的遗传易感性。关于灵长类动物中与糖尿病相关的脂质或血管异常的研究很少。黑猕猴由于胰岛损伤会自发发生糖尿病。随着分泌细胞逐渐丧失，会出现轻度至中度高血糖、葡萄糖清除受损、急性胰岛素释放、高胰高血糖素血症和慢性低胰岛素血症。明显糖尿病的猴子需要胰岛素治疗，因此在低胰岛素血症和高胰岛素血症之间交替。主动脉动脉粥样硬化的发展与代谢损害的严重程度呈正相关。脂质沉积主要在细胞外，泡沫细胞较少。极低密度脂蛋白和中间密度脂蛋白部分显著增加，低密度脂蛋白部分略有增加，高密度脂蛋白部分基本保持不变。由于这些猴子以非致动脉粥样硬化的食物喂养，因此可以评估糖尿病本身对血管硬化的影响。
