Department of Microbiology and Hygiene Faculty of Veterinary Science Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory Department of Gynaecology Obstetrics and Reproductive Health Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh.
Biomed Res Int. 2024 Jul 20;2024:5516117. doi: 10.1155/2024/5516117. eCollection 2024.
Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) is an important zoonotic pathogen associated with a wide range of infections in humans and animals. Thus, the emergence of MRSA clones poses an important threat to human and animal health. This study is aimed at elucidating the genomics insights of a strong biofilm-producing and multidrug-resistant (MDR) MTR_BAU_H1 strain through whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The MTR_BAU_H1 strain was isolated from food handlers' hand swabs in Bangladesh and phenotypically assessed for antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm production assays. The isolate was further undergone to high throughput WGS and analysed using different bioinformatics tools to elucidate the genetic diversity, molecular epidemiology, sequence type (ST), antimicrobial resistance, and virulence gene distribution. Phenotypic analyses revealed that the MTR_BAU_H1 strain is a strong biofilm-former and carries both antimicrobial resistance (e.g., methicillin resistance; A, beta-lactam resistance; Z and tetracycline resistance; C) and virulence (e.g., , , and ) genes. The genome of the MTR_BAU_H1 belonged to ST1930 that possessed three plasmid replicons (e.g., rep16, rep7c, and rep19), seven prophages, and two clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) arrays of varying sizes. Phylogenetic analysis showed a close evolutionary relationship between the MTR_BAU_H1 genome and other MRSA clones of diverse hosts and demographics. The MTR_BAU_H1 genome harbours 42 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), 128 virulence genes, and 273 SEED subsystems coding for the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, proteins, cofactors, vitamins, minerals, and lipids. This is the first-ever WGS-based study of a strong biofilm-producing and MDR strain isolated from human hand swabs in Bangladesh that unveils new information on the resistomes (ARGs and correlated mechanisms) and virulence potentials that might be linked to staphylococcal pathogenesis in both humans and animals.
耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）是一种重要的人畜共患病病原体，与人类和动物的多种感染有关。因此，MRSA 克隆的出现对人类和动物健康构成了重要威胁。本研究旨在通过全基因组测序（WGS）阐明一株具有强生物膜形成能力和多药耐药（MDR）的 MTR_BAU_H1 菌株的基因组学见解。该 MTR_BAU_H1 菌株从孟加拉国食品处理人员的手部拭子中分离出来，并进行了药敏试验和生物膜形成试验表型评估。该分离株进一步进行高通量 WGS 分析，并使用不同的生物信息学工具进行分析，以阐明遗传多样性、分子流行病学、序列型（ST）、抗药性和毒力基因分布。表型分析表明，MTR_BAU_H1 菌株是一种强生物膜形成菌，携带抗药性（如耐甲氧西林；A、β-内酰胺类抗药性；Z 和四环素抗药性；C）和毒力（如、、和）基因。MTR_BAU_H1 的基因组属于 ST1930，它拥有三个质粒复制子（如 rep16、rep7c 和 rep19）、七个噬菌体和两个大小不同的成簇规则间隔短回文重复（CRISPR）阵列。系统发育分析表明，MTR_BAU_H1 基因组与其他来自不同宿主和人群的 MRSA 克隆具有密切的进化关系。MTR_BAU_H1 基因组含有 42 个抗药性基因（ARGs）、128 个毒力基因和 273 个 SEED 子系统，编码氨基酸、碳水化合物、蛋白质、辅因子、维生素、矿物质和脂质的代谢。这是首次基于 WGS 的对从孟加拉国人类手部拭子中分离出来的具有强生物膜形成能力和 MDR 的菌株进行研究，揭示了与人类和动物葡萄球菌病发病机制相关的耐药组（ARGs 和相关机制）和毒力潜力的新信息。
