CFSA: Comparative flux sampling analysis as a guide for strain design.

Genome-scale metabolic models of microbial metabolism have extensively been used to guide the design of microbial cell factories, still, many of the available strain design algorithms often fail to produce a reduced list of targets for improved performance that can be implemented and validated in a step-wise manner. We present Comparative Flux Sampling Analysis (CFSA), a strain design method based on the extensive comparison of complete metabolic spaces corresponding to maximal or near-maximal growth and production phenotypes. The comparison is complemented by statistical analysis to identify reactions with altered flux that are suggested as targets for genetic interventions including up-regulations, down-regulations and gene deletions. We applied CFSA to the production of lipids by and naringenin by identifying engineering targets in agreement with previous studies as well as new interventions. CFSA is an easy-to-use, robust method that suggests potential metabolic engineering targets for growth-uncoupled production that can be applied to the design of microbial cell factories.