Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.
Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Como, Italy.
J Strength Cond Res. 2024 Aug 1;38(8):e417-e422. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004821.
Amatori, S, Helsen, WF, Baldari, C, Serra, T, Belli, A, Guidetti, L, Rocchi, MBL, Sisti, D, and Perroni, F. High-speed efforts of elite association football referees in national and international matches. J Strength Cond Res 38(8): e417-e422, 2024-Field referees (FRs) need to move throughout the pitch to identify any infringements of the game's laws. Their performance depends on technical, tactical, physical, physiological, and mental factors. This retrospective study aimed to examine and assess the physical and physiological parameters as a function of time in elite association football referees during official matches. Global positioning system (match time, distance in different intensity ranges [low-intensity, high-speed, very high-speed running, and sprinting], average and peak speed, distance in accelerations or decelerations) and heart rate (average and peak) data from 212 national and international football matches were analyzed. A linear mixed-model analysis was performed to assess the differences between halves and between the three 15-minute sections of each half-time for all the physical and physiological variables collected. A significant effect of match half was found for the game time (p < 0.001) and the standing time (p = 0.005), both higher in the second half, and for the average speed (p = 0.017), which was lower in the second half. Total distance (p < 0.001), low-intensity distance (p = 0.004), and average speed (p = 0.007) all showed a reduction as a function of time. More than 7.800 high-speed intervals were detected. Accelerative actions within 3 seconds characterized most of the high-speed efforts of an FR during a match. Significant differences emerged in the way the match intensity is distributed across the match, analyzed both in halves (first vs. second) and 15-minute intervals within each half. It is important to emphasize the importance of high-speed training with a focus on a faster transition from low- to high-speed running to keep up with the play to get into an appropriate position and subsequently make the correct decisions.
阿莫特里、Helsen、巴尔达里、塞拉、贝利、圭迪蒂、罗基、西斯蒂和佩罗尼。精英足球裁判在国内和国际比赛中的高速冲刺表现。《力量与调节研究杂志》38（8）：e417-e422，2024-足球场上的裁判需要在整个球场上移动，以识别比赛规则的任何违规行为。他们的表现取决于技术、战术、身体、生理和心理因素。这项回顾性研究旨在检查和评估精英足球裁判在正式比赛中随时间推移的身体和生理参数。从 212 场国内和国际足球比赛中收集了全球定位系统（比赛时间、不同强度范围（低强度、高速、超高速度奔跑和冲刺）、平均速度和最高速度、加速或减速距离）和心率（平均和最高）数据。采用线性混合模型分析评估了两半之间和每半 15 分钟三个部分之间所有收集的身体和生理变量的差异。发现比赛半场对比赛时间（p < 0.001）和站立时间（p = 0.005）有显著影响，这两个时间在第二半场都更高，平均速度（p = 0.017）在第二半场更低。总距离（p < 0.001）、低强度距离（p = 0.004）和平均速度（p = 0.007）都随着时间的推移而减少。检测到超过 7800 个高速区间。在一场比赛中，FR 的大部分高速动作都是在 3 秒内加速完成的。在比赛的两半（第一半与第二半）和每半的 15 分钟间隔内，比赛强度的分布方式存在显著差异。重要的是要强调高速训练的重要性，重点是更快地从低强度到高强度跑步过渡，以跟上比赛节奏，进入适当的位置，随后做出正确的决策。
