Carling Christopher, Doudet Franck, Gruson Batiste, Prat Jean-Michel, Pavillon Thomas
FFF Research Centre, French Football Federation, Clairefontaine National Football Centre, Clairefontaineen-Yvelines, France.
Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France.
Biol Sport. 2025 Mar 24;42(3):275-282. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2025.147014. eCollection 2025 Jul.
This study aimed to 1) describe running outputs during official match-play in elite French female Field (FR) and Assistant Referees (AR), 2) determine whether decrements in outputs occurred in the 2-half and during the final 15-minute interval of each half. A total of 13 elite female game officials participated: 6 AR (age: 28.9 ± 5.1) and 7 FR (age: 28.1 ± 2.0). Outputs were collected using GPS over 3 consecutive seasons (2020/21-2022/23). Competitions included elite senior female/male domestic matches and international female/male youth & senior matches (n = 501; AR = 285, FR = 216). Variables included: total distance covered (km), distances travelled (m) at low- (< 13 km/h) and high-speeds (≥ 13 km/h, ≥ 19 km/h, ≥ 23 km/h) and the frequency of high-intensity acceleration & deceleration events (≥ 3 m · s). Mean outputs per minute were compared across match halves and for the first 15-minute versus the final 15-minute interval in each half using Effect Sizes (ES). Main results showed that FR covered approximately 9.5 km per game of which 24% was at high-speeds (D ≥ 13 km/h) while AR travelled 5 km (14% ran at high-speeds). More high-intensity deceleration versus acceleration events were observed for both roles. Outputs generally dropped in the 2 versus the 1 half (FR = small to moderate and AR = small to large ES) and during the final 15-minute intervals in each half versus the first 15-minutes in the 1-half (FR = moderate to large and AR = small to large ES). This study has established general match running activity profiles for elite French assistant and field referees and reported a trend for a temporal decline in outputs whilst demonstrating the importance of performing deceleration events.
1）描述法国精英女子足球比赛中主裁判（FR）和助理裁判（AR）在正式比赛中的跑动输出；2）确定在下半场以及上下半场最后15分钟内跑动输出是否下降。共有13名精英女子比赛官员参与：6名助理裁判（年龄：28.9±5.1岁）和7名主裁判（年龄：28.1±2.0岁）。在连续三个赛季（2020/21 - 2022/23）中使用GPS收集跑动输出数据。比赛包括精英成年男女国内比赛以及国际男女青年和成年比赛（n = 501；助理裁判 = 285场，主裁判 = 216场）。变量包括：总跑动距离（千米）、低速（<13千米/小时）和高速（≥13千米/小时、≥19千米/小时、≥23千米/小时）下的跑动距离（米）以及高强度加速和减速事件（≥3米·秒）的频率。使用效应量（ES）比较各半场以及上下半场第一个15分钟与最后15分钟每分钟的平均跑动输出。主要结果表明，主裁判每场比赛跑动约9.5千米，其中24%为高速跑动（速度≥13千米/小时），而助理裁判跑动约5千米（约14%为高速跑动）。两个裁判角色中观察到的高强度减速事件均多于加速事件。跑动输出在下半场与上半场相比通常下降（主裁判 = 小到中度效应量，助理裁判 = 小到大效应量），并且在上下半场最后15分钟与上半场第一个15分钟相比也下降（主裁判 = 中度到大效应量，助理裁判 = 小到大效应量）。本研究确立了法国精英助理裁判和主裁判的一般比赛跑动活动概况，并报告了跑动输出随时间下降的趋势，同时证明了进行减速动作的重要性。
