Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
Adv Healthc Mater. 2024 Oct;13(27):e2401211. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202401211. Epub 2024 Jul 27.
The threat posed by antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the challenge of biofilm formation has highlighted the inadequacies of conventional antibacterial therapies, leading to increased interest in antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in recent years. This approach offers advantages such as minimal invasiveness, low systemic toxicity, and notable effectiveness against drug-resistant bacterial strains. Porphyrins and their derivatives, known for their high molar extinction coefficients and singlet oxygen quantum yields, have emerged as crucial photosensitizers in aPDT. However, their practical application is hindered by challenges such as poor water solubility and aggregation-induced quenching. To address these limitations, extensive research has focused on the development of porphyrin-based nanomaterials for aPDT, enhancing the efficacy of photodynamic sterilization and broadening the range of antimicrobial activity. This review provides an overview of various porphyrin-based nanomaterials utilized in aPDT and biofilm eradication in recent years, including porphyrin-loaded inorganic nanoparticles, porphyrin-based polymer assemblies, supramolecular assemblies, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Additionally, insights into the prospects of aPDT is offered, highlighting its potential for practical implementation.
近年来，抗生素耐药菌构成的威胁以及生物膜形成的挑战凸显了传统抗菌疗法的不足，促使人们对光动力抗菌疗法（aPDT）产生了浓厚的兴趣。这种方法具有微创、全身毒性低和对抗耐药菌株效果显著等优点。卟啉及其衍生物由于具有高摩尔消光系数和单线态氧量子产率，已成为 aPDT 中重要的光敏剂。然而，其实际应用受到一些挑战的限制，例如水溶性差和聚集诱导猝灭。为了解决这些限制，广泛的研究集中在开发基于卟啉的纳米材料用于 aPDT，以提高光动力杀菌的效果并拓宽抗菌活性的范围。本综述概述了近年来用于 aPDT 和生物膜清除的各种基于卟啉的纳米材料，包括负载卟啉的无机纳米粒子、基于卟啉的聚合物组装体、超分子组装体、金属有机骨架（MOFs）和共价有机框架（COFs）。此外，还探讨了 aPDT 的前景，强调了其在实际应用中的潜力。
