Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences (IBIW RAS), 109, Yaroslavl, Borok, 152742, Russia.
Vet Res Commun. 2024 Oct;48(5):2901-2914. doi: 10.1007/s11259-024-10481-2. Epub 2024 Jul 29.
Fish reared under seminatural conditions can be challenged by exposure to herbicides. Farming facilities relying on the surrounding area's water quality can be affected by glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) contamination. This review summarizes findings on how glyphosate and AMPA in the amounts registered in surface waterbodies affect redox status and biotransformation in fish and covers the aspect of diet supplementation for oxidative stress relief. Environmentally relevant concentrations of glyphosate and AMPA can alter the transcription and catalytic activities of antioxidant enzymes, decrease the content of reduced glutathione, and increase the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products, all of which are signs of a redox imbalance. Glyphosate has been shown to affect complex I in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and dysregulate iron transport-related genes, causing redox disturbance. Relatively high but environmentally realistic glyphosate concentrations can initiate the induction of cytochrome P450 biotransformation enzymes, alter the regulation of ABC exporters, and cause the inhibition of the redox-sensitive Nrf2 signaling pathway. Studies on reducing herbicide toxicity through dietary supplementation are a promising area of research. Natural functional supplements have been proven to have great potential for mitigating glyphosate-induced oxidative stress and thereby improving fish health, which in turn means maintaining productivity in fish farms that use natural water. However, data on the effects of AMPA on fish are scarce, and studies on the alleviation of its toxicity in fish are lacking. Considering the variety of AMPA contamination routes, one cannot underestimate the need for further research.
在半自然条件下饲养的鱼类可能会受到除草剂暴露的挑战。依赖周围地区水质的养殖设施可能会受到草甘膦和氨甲基膦酸（AMPA）污染的影响。本综述总结了在地表水体内登记的草甘膦和 AMPA 含量如何影响鱼类的氧化还原状态和生物转化的研究结果，并涵盖了通过饮食补充缓解氧化应激的方面。环境相关浓度的草甘膦和 AMPA 可以改变抗氧化酶的转录和催化活性，降低还原型谷胱甘肽的含量，并增加脂质过氧化产物的积累，所有这些都是氧化还原失衡的迹象。草甘膦已被证明会影响线粒体呼吸链中的复合物 I，并使铁转运相关基因失调，从而导致氧化还原紊乱。相对较高但具有实际环境意义的草甘膦浓度可以启动细胞色素 P450 生物转化酶的诱导，改变 ABC 外排泵的调节，并导致氧化还原敏感的 Nrf2 信号通路的抑制。通过饮食补充来降低除草剂毒性的研究是一个很有前途的研究领域。已证明天然功能性补充剂在减轻草甘膦诱导的氧化应激方面具有很大的潜力，从而改善鱼类健康，这反过来又意味着维持使用天然水的鱼类养殖场的生产力。然而，关于 AMPA 对鱼类的影响的数据很少，并且缺乏关于缓解其毒性的研究。考虑到 AMPA 污染途径的多样性，不能低估进一步研究的必要性。
