Yousefi Morteza, Adineh Hossein, Reverter Miriam, Khademi Hamidi Mohammad, Vatnikov Yury Anatolyevich, Kulikov Evgeny Vladimirovich, Hoseinifar Seyed Hossein, Van Doan Hien
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Golestan, Iran.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2021 Feb;109:12-19. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.11.032. Epub 2020 Dec 4.
Sustainable aquaculture arises as key to increase food production in the coming years. However, the sector still faces many challenges such as the exposure of the cultured animals to pesticide-contaminated water. Pesticides used in agriculture can reach aquaculture systems either directly (integrated-agriculture aquaculture practices) or indirectly (soil leakage) and cause a broad range of ecotoxicological effects on cultured fish and shellfish. Here, we studied how glyphosate affects several haematological, biochemical, and immune parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings, the fourth most important cultured fish species worldwide. We also evaluated the potential of dietary supplementation with black seed (Nigella sativa, 0.25, 0.5 and 1%) to lower glyphosate-associated toxicity. Our results showed that 14-day sub-lethal exposure of common carp fingerlings to glyphosate increases oxidative stress, decreases antioxidant defences, affects several metabolic pathways, and induced immune depression. Furthermore, we showed that fish fed with N. sativa-enriched diets at 0.25, 0.5 and 1% for 60 days coped better with glyphosate exposure than control fish and displayed more stable levels of biochemical serum parameters (total protein, albumin, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein LDL), cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein HDL), higher levels of immune defences (lysozyme and immunoglobulin) and higher antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase SOD, glutathione peroxidase GPx) than control fish. Fish fed with all enriched diets also displayed lower lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde MDA), lower metabolic enzymes (alanine aminotransferase ALT, aspartate aminotransferase AST and alkaline phosphatase ALP) levels in blood serum and lower cortisol levels than control fish. Altogether, our results show that dietary inclusion of black seed can be used as a sustainable bio-remediation strategy, mitigating many of the negative effects of glyphosate exposure in fish.
可持续水产养殖成为未来几年增加粮食产量的关键。然而，该行业仍面临许多挑战，例如养殖动物接触受农药污染的水。农业中使用的农药可直接（综合农业水产养殖做法）或间接（土壤渗漏）进入水产养殖系统，并对养殖鱼类和贝类造成广泛的生态毒理学影响。在此，我们研究了草甘膦如何影响全球第四重要的养殖鱼类品种——鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）幼鱼的几种血液学、生化和免疫参数。我们还评估了添加黑种草籽（Nigella sativa，0.25%、0.5%和1%）进行日粮补充以降低草甘膦相关毒性的潜力。我们的结果表明，鲤鱼幼鱼经14天亚致死剂量的草甘膦暴露后，氧化应激增加，抗氧化防御能力下降，影响了多个代谢途径，并导致免疫抑制。此外，我们发现，以含0.25%、0.5%和1%黑种草籽的日粮喂养60天的鱼，比对照鱼更能应对草甘膦暴露，其血清生化参数（总蛋白、白蛋白、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白LDL）、胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白HDL）水平更稳定，免疫防御（溶菌酶和免疫球蛋白）水平更高，抗氧化酶（超氧化物歧化酶SOD、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GPx）水平也高于对照鱼。喂食所有添加日粮的鱼还表现出比对照鱼更低的脂质过氧化（丙二醛MDA）、更低的血清代谢酶（丙氨酸转氨酶ALT、天冬氨酸转氨酶AST和碱性磷酸酶ALP）水平以及更低的皮质醇水平。总之，我们的结果表明，日粮中添加黑种草籽可作为一种可持续的生物修复策略，减轻草甘膦暴露对鱼类的许多负面影响。
